. 2023 Mar 27;15(7):1618. doi: 10.3390/nu15071618

Table 2.

Measurements of physical fitness parameters by group and time.

Variable	Time	Group			p-Value	Post Hoc
Variable	Time	SA (n = 13) ^a	RSA (n = 15) ^b	FSA (n = 13) ^c	p-Value	Post Hoc
Left grip strength (kg)	Pre	43.8 ± 4.7	41.0 ± 5.9	34.9 ± 7.5	G: 0.012 T: 0.008 GxT: 0.037	b > c
Left grip strength (kg)	Post	45.1 ± 4.0	41.0 ± 5.0	39.0 ± 9.9 **	G: 0.012 T: 0.008 GxT: 0.037	b > c
Right grip strength (kg)	Pre	46.0 ± 5.2	46.2 ± 5.8	38.1 ± 8.1	G: 0.026 T: 0.002 GxT: 0.032	b > c
Right grip strength (kg)	Post	47.0 ± 6.3	46.8 ± 5.4	42.1 ± 9.8 **	G: 0.026 T: 0.002 GxT: 0.032	b > c
Sit-ups (rep)	Pre	40.2 ± 7.0	41.5 ± 9.3	55.8 ± 11.2	G: <0.001 T: <0.001 GxT: 0.179	c > a, b
Sit-ups (rep)	Post	47.1 ± 7.7 **	47.7 ± 8.0 *	57.9 ± 8.7 **	G: <0.001 T: <0.001 GxT: 0.179	c > a, b
Sit-and-reach (cm)	Pre	8.53 ± 8.4	6.91 ± 11.4	22.2 ± 9.5	G: <0.001 T: <0.001 GxT: 0.720	c > a, b
Sit-and-reach (cm)	Post	10.4 ± 7.2	9.9 ± 11.1	25.3 ± 8.1 **	G: <0.001 T: <0.001 GxT: 0.720	c > a, b
Long jump (cm)	Pre	210.5 ± 19.2	228.9 ± 14.0	197.8 ± 33.5	G: 0.007 T: <0.001 GxT: 0.006	b > a, c
Long jump (cm)	Post	215.0 ± 15.1	239.5 ± 12.8 *	222.1 ± 32.5 ***	G: 0.007 T: <0.001 GxT: 0.006	b > a, c
10 m shuttle run (s)	Pre	10.0 ± 0.6	9.1 ± 0.7	10.0 ± 0.9	G: <0.001 T: <0.001 GxT: 0.106	b < a, c
10 m shuttle run (s)	Post	10.5 ± 0.6 *	9.5 ± 0.4 *	11.0 ± 1.2 ***	G: <0.001 T: <0.001 GxT: 0.106	b < a, c
20 m shuttle run (rep)	Pre	33.3 ± 3.6	62.9 ± 9.4	74.5 ± 19.3	G: <0.001 T: 0.814 GxT: 0.171	a < b, c
20 m shuttle run (rep)	Post	37.5 ± 8.0	64.1 ± 12.6	70.4 ± 17.1	G: <0.001 T: 0.814 GxT: 0.171	a < b, c

Values are expressed as Mean ± SD. SA, shooting athletes; RSA, racket sports athletes; FSA, fin swimming athletes. a = SA group, b = RSA group, c = FSA group. Analyzed by paired t-test: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.