Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of 12 publications of 11 cohort studies stratified by sex subgroups.
| Study Subgroup | N | Men (%) |
Age (year) |
BMI (kg/m2) |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) |
DM (%) |
HT (%) |
Follow-Up (Year) |
NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHS 2005, men [32] | 11,023 | 100.0 | 52.9 | 24.9 | NA | 2.0 | 20.9 || | 14.2 | 5 |
| Yamagata 2007, men [33] | 35,491 | 100.0 | 61.8 ± 10.2 * | 23.2 ± 2.9 * | 81.9 ± 14.5 * | 3.6 *‡ | 21.0 *‡ | NA | 6 |
| Yamagata 2007, women [33] | 71,298 | 0.0 | 58.3 ± 10.0 * | 23.5 ± 3.2 * | 79.8 ± 14.2 * | 2.1 *‡ | 18.9 *‡ | NA | 6 |
| ILSA 2011, men [34] | 886 | 100.0 | 71.9 † | 26.5 † | NA | 13.5 † | 64.9 † | 3.5 | 6 |
| ILSA 2011, women [34] | 653 | 0.0 | 73.1 † | 27.6 † | NA | 13.9 † | 73.2 † | 3.5 | 6 |
| Nagai 2013, men [35] | 81,854 | 100.0 | 60.2 ± 9.7 | 23.4 ± 2.9 | NA | 7.5 || | 52.4 || | 4.0 | 7 |
| Kansai Healthcare 2014 [36] | 9112 | 100.0 | 48.2 ± 4.2 | 23.2 ± 2.8 | 84.7 ± 14.0 | 0.0 ‡ | 0.0 ‡ | 8.7 | 5 |
| PREVEND 2015 [37] | 5476 | 47.4 | 48.4 ± 11.7 | 25.7 ± 4.0 | 97.3 ± 14.8 | 1.0 ‡ | 11.7 ‡ | 10.2 (6.2–11.4) | 7 |
| Kansai Healthcare 2016 [38] | 9154 | 100.0 | 48.2 ± 4.2 | 23.2 ± 2.8 | 84.7 ± 14.0 | 0.0 ‡ | 0.0 ‡ | 8.0 | 5 |
| Kimura 2018, men [20] | 88,647 | 100.0 | 65 (58–69) | 23.6 ± 3.0 | 75 (69–86) | 5.7 § | 28.8 § | 1.8 (1.0–2.2) | 7 |
| Kimura 2018, women [20] | 88,925 | 0.0 | 65 (59–69) | 22.6 ± 3.3 | 76 (68–90) | 3.0 § | 24.1 § | 1.7 (1.0–2.1) | 7 |
| Park 2019, men [19] | 7,625,277 | 100.0 | 44.7 | NA | 91.7 | 3.9 ‡ | 10.7 ‡ | 6.4 | 8 |
| Park 2019, women [19] | 6,565,601 | 0.0 | 47.9 | NA | 92.6 | 3.6 ‡ | 13.3 ‡ | 6.4 | 8 |
| ARIC 2020 [39] | 12,692 | 55.9 | 54 ± 6 | 27.4 | 103.3 | 10.1 ¶ | 25.1 ‡ | 24 ** | 8 |
| PROMISE 2021 [40] | 11,175 | 40.2 | 62 (55–67) | 22.3 ± 3.1 | 78 ± 12 | 3.4 ‡ | 17.8 ‡ | 5.0 (2.9–7.6) | 6 |
| Tanaka 2022, men [21] | 19,702 | 100.0 | 42 †† | 23.4 †† | 86 †† | 3.1 § | 9.4 § | 4 (3–6) | 5 |
| Tanaka 2022, women [21] | 7086 | 0.0 | 43 †† | 21.4 †† | 76 †† | 1.3 § | 5.7 § | 4 (2–5) | 5 |
Mean ± standard deviation, Median (25%–75%). BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HT, hypertension; NA, not available; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. * Including 35,491 men and 71,298 women with eGFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 5521 men and 11,454 women with eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. † Including 886 men and 653 women with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 355 men and 507 women with eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. ‡ Use of anti-diabetic or anti-hypertensive drugs. § Current treatment for hypertension or diabetes. || Diabetes defined as fasting plasma glucose of ≥126 mg/dL, random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL, and/or use of anti-diabetic drugs; and hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, and/or use of anti-hypertensive drugs. ¶ Diabetes defined as fasting plasma glucose of ≥126 mg/dL, random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL, use of anti-diabetic drugs, and/or self-reported diabetes. ** Median value. †† A mean value of all men or women in a study was calculated after the mean value of each alcohol consumption group was estimated using the equation: mean = (Q1 + Q3 + median) ÷ 3, where Q1 and Q3 are the first and third quartiles, respectively [26].