Table 4.
Association of bone mineral density (g/cm2) with estimated phytate intake (by tertiles and per each 25 mg/100 kcal).
| Tertile 1 <15.0 mg/100 kcal |
Tertile 2 [15.0–28.4] mg/100 kcal |
Tertile 3 >28.4 mg/100 kcal |
p-Value for Trend | Phytate (per 25 mg/100 kcal) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Femoral Neck, n | 186 | 187 | 183 | 556 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | −0.002 (−0.026–0.022) | 0.034 (0.010–0.058) | 0.005 | 0.026 (0.009–0.043) | 0.003 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | 0.003 (−0.021–0.026) | 0.031 (0.007–0.056) | 0.011 | 0.023 (0.006–0.040) | 0.008 |
| Femoral Ward’s Triangle, n | 186 | 187 | 183 | 556 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | 0.005 (−0.023–0.032) | 0.050 (0.022–0.077) | <0.001 | 0.035 (0.016–0.055) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | 0.009 (−0.019–0.037) | 0.048 (0.020–0.077) | 0.001 | 0.033 (0.013–0.054) | 0.001 |
| Femoral Trochanter, n | 186 | 187 | 183 | 556 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | −0.011 (−0.033–0.011) | 0.022 (0.000–0.044) | 0.055 | 0.018(0.002–0.034) | 0.027 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | −0.006 (−0.027–0.016) | 0.020 (−0.002–0.043) | 0.075 | 0.015 (−0.001–0.031) | 0.064 |
| Femoral Diaphysis, n | 178 | 184 | 180 | 542 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | 0.000 (−0.031–0.031) | 0.035 (0.004–0.066) | 0.026 | 0.023 (0.001–0.045) | 0.041 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | 0.009 (−0.021–0.039) | 0.033 (0.002–0.063) | 0.035 | 0.020 (−0.002–0.041) | 0.072 |
| Total Femur, n | 178 | 184 | 180 | 542 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | −0.004 (−0.028–0.019) | 0.030 (0.006–0.054) | 0.015 | 0.021 (0.004–0.038) | 0.015 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | 0.003 (−0.020–0.026) | 0.027 (0.004–0.051) | 0.023 | 0.018 (0.001–0.035) | 0.034 |
| Lumbar Spine L1–L2, n | 148 | 157 | 164 | 469 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | −0.012 (−0.047–0.023) | 0.052 (0.017–0.088) | 0.003 | 0.043 (0.018–0.067) | 0.001 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | −0.004 (−0.039–0.032) | 0.043 (0.007–0.080) | 0.016 | 0.035 (0.010–0.060) | 0.006 |
| Lumbar Spine L1–L3, n | 147 | 157 | 164 | 468 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | −0.007 (−0.043–0.029) | 0.050 (0.014–0.086) | 0.005 | 0.040 (0.015–0.065) | 0.002 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | 0.001 (−0.036–0.037) | 0.042 (0.005–0.079) | 0.003 | 0.033 (0.008–0.059) | 0.011 |
| Lumbar Spine L1–L4, n | 147 | 158 | 167 | 472 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | 0.005 (−0.032–0.043) | 0.050 (0.013–0.087) | 0.007 | 0.038 (0.013–0.063) | 0,003 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | 0.013 (−0.024–0.050) | 0.045 (0.007–0.083) | 0.019 | 0.033 (0.007–0.059) | 0.013 |
| Lumbar Spine L2–L3, n | 167 | 171 | 176 | 514 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | −0.003 (−0.040–0.034) | 0.044 (0.008–0.081) | 0.017 | 0.033 (0.007–0.059) | 0,012 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | 0.006 (−0.031–0.043) | 0.041 (0.006–0.083) | 0.032 | 0.030 (0.003–0.056) | 0.028 |
| Lumbar Spine L2–L4, n | 167 | 173 | 179 | 519 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | 0.008 (−0.029–0.046) | 0.045 (0.007–0.082) | 0.018 | 0.033 (0.007–0.060) | 0.012 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | 0.017 (−0.021–0.055) | 0.044 (0.006–0.083) | 0.023 | 0.032 (0.005–0.058) | 0.019 |
| Lumbar Spine L3–L4, n | 167 | 170 | 176 | 513 | ||
| Crude Model | 0 (reference) | 0.013 (−0.026–0.053) | 0.047 (0.008–0.086) | 0.019 | 0.036 (0.008–0.063) | 0.012 |
| Adjusted Model * | 0 (reference) | 0.022 (−0.018–0.062) | 0.047 (0.006–0.087) | 0.025 | 0.034 (0.005–0.062) | 0.020 |
Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between bone mineral density and estimated phytate intake (tertiles and per each 25 mg/100 kcal). Results are expressed as β coefficients (95% CIs). * Models adjusted for age (years), BMI (kg/m2), physical activity (MET•min/week), educational level (higher education/technician or secondary education/primary education or less), smoking status (never/former/current), type 2 diabetes prevalence, osteoporotic fractures prevalence, energy (kcal/day), calcium (mg/day), vitamin D (µg/day), glycemic index, vegetables and fruits (g/day).