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. 2023 Apr 6;15(7):1791. doi: 10.3390/nu15071791

Table 5.

Association of bone mineral density (T-score) and estimated phytate intake (by tertiles and per each 25 mg/100 kcal).

Tertile 1
<15.0
mg/100 kcal		 Tertile 2
[15.0–28.4]
mg/100 kcal		 Tertile 3
>28.4
mg/100 kcal		 p-Value for Trend Phytate (per 25 mg/100 kcal) p-Value
Femoral Neck, n 185 187 182 554
 Crude Model 0 (ref.) −0.004 (−0.201–0.193) 0.297 (0.099–0.496) 0.004 0.221 (0.080–0.363) 0.002
 Adjusted Model * 0 (ref.) 0.040 (−0.156–0.236) 0.274 (0.072–0.475) 0.008 0.200 (0.058–0.342) 0.006
Femoral Ward’s Triangle, n 185 187 181 553
 Crude Model 0 (ref.) 0.022 (−0.194–0.238) 0.327 (0.109–0.545) 0.004 0.225 (0.070–0.380) 0.004
 Adjusted Model * 0 (ref.) 0.053 (−0.165–0.271) 0.319 (0.095–0.544) 0.005 0.218 (0.060–0.376) 0.007
Femoral Trochanter, n 185 187 181 553
 Crude Model 0 (ref.) −0.109 (−0.313–0.095) 0.138 (−0.067–0.344) 0.192 0.144 (−0.002–0.290) 0.053
 Adjusted Model * 0 (ref.) −0.067 (−0.270–0.137) 0.132 (−0.078–0.342) 0.213 0.134 (−0.014–0.282) 0.075
Total Femur, n 177 184 177 538
 Crude Model 0 (ref.) −0.094 (−0.293–0.104) 0.156 (−0.044–0.356) 0.128 0.136 (−0.006–0.278) 0.061
 Adjusted Model * 0 (ref.) −0.034 (−0.229–0.161) 0.152 (−0.049–0.353) 0.133 0.130 (−0.011–0.271) 0.071
Lumbar Spine L1–L2, n 148 157 164 469
 Crude Model 0 (ref.) −0.100 (−0.396–0.196) 0.436 (0.143–0.728) 0.003 0.353 (0.149–0.557) 0.001
 Adjusted Model * 0 (ref.) −0.032 (−0.328–0.264) 0.360 (0.059–0.661) 0.016 0.291 (0.084–0.499) 0.006
Lumbar Spine L1–L3, n 147 157 164 468
 Crude Model 0 (ref.) −0.057 (−0.359–0.245) 0.421 (0.122–0.720) 0.005 0.331 (0.123–0.539) 0.002
 Adjusted Model * 0 (ref.) 0.009 (−0.294–0.312) 0.355 (0.047–0.663) 0.021 0.276 (0.064–0.488) 0.011
Lumbar Spine L1–L4, n 147 156 165 468
 Crude Model 0 (ref.) 0.055 (−0.256–0.365) 0.435 (0.129–0.742) 0.005 0.333 (0.120–0.546) 0.002
 Adjusted Model * 0 (ref.) 0.115 (−0.198–0.427) 0.388 (0.071–0.705) 0.015 0.287 (0.069–0.505) 0.010
Lumbar Spine L2–L3, n 167 171 176 514
 Crude Model 0 (ref.) −0.020(−0.328–0.289) 0.370 (0.064–0.676) 0.017 0.276 (0.060–0.492) 0.012
 Adjusted Model * 0 (ref.) 0.055 (−0.256–0.366) 0.343 (0.027–0.659) 0.032 0.248 (0.028–0.469) 0.027
Lumbar Spine L2–L4, n 167 170 177 514
 Crude Model 0 (ref.) 0.0073(−0.241–0.387) 0.389 (0.078–0.699) 0.014 0.296 (0.077–0.515) 0.008
 Adjusted Model * 0 (ref.) 0.145 (−0.171–0.462) 0.384 (0.063–0.705) 0.018 0.280 (0.056–0.504) 0.014
Lumbar Spine L3–L4, n 167 170 176 513
 Crude Model 0 (ref.) 0.114 (−0.217–0.444) 0.391 (0.063–0.719) 0.019 0.295 (0.065–0.526) 0.012
 Adjusted Model * 0 (ref.) 0.185 (−0.150–0.520) 0.390 (0.049–0.073) 0.025 0.281 (0.044–0.519) 0.020

Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between T-scores and estimated phytate intake (tertiles and per each 25 mg/100 kcal). Results are expressed as β coefficients (95% CIs). * Models adjusted for age (years), BMI (kg/m2), physical activity (MET•min/week), educational level (higher education/technician or secondary education/primary education or less), smoking status (never/former/current), type 2 diabetes prevalence, osteoporotic fractures prevalence, energy (kcal/day), calcium (mg/day), vitamin D (µg/day), glycemic index, vegetables and fruits (g/day).