Table 6.
Association of bone mineral density (T-score) in lumbar spine L1–L4 and estimated phytate intake (by tertiles and per each 25 mg/100 kcal) by subgroups.
| Tertile 1 <15.0 mg/100 kcal |
Tertile 2 [15.0–28.4] mg/100 kcal |
Tertile 3 >28.4 mg/100 kcal |
p-Value for Trend | Phytate (per 25 mg/100 kcal) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||||
| ≤66 years | 72 | 69 | 100 | 241 | ||
| 0 (ref.) | 0.149 (−0.316–0.615) | 0.860 (0.424–1.296) | <0.001 | 0.580 (0.260–0.901) | <0.001 | |
| >66 years | 75 | 87 | 65 | 227 | ||
| 0 (ref.) | −0.015 (−0.452–0.421) | −0.274 (−0.757–0.210) | 0.279 | −0.021 (−0.443–0.400) | 0.920 | |
| p for interaction | 0.021 | 0.008 | ||||
| BMI | ||||||
| ≤32.6 kg/cm2 | 66 | 82 | 78 | 226 | ||
| 0 (ref.) | 0.081 (−0.370–0.533) | 0.185 (−0.283–0.654) | 0.432 | 0.221 (−0.151–0.593) | 0.243 | |
| >32.6 kg/cm2 | 84 | 74 | 87 | 242 | ||
| 0 (ref.) | 0.181 (−0.262–0.624) | 0.607 (0.168–1.046) | 0.007 | 0.425 (0.080–0.770) | 0.016 | |
| p for interaction | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Type 2 Diabetes | ||||||
| No | 112 | 120 | 121 | 353 | ||
| 0 (ref.) | 0.332 (−0.017–0.681) | 0.528 (0.170–0.887) | 0.004 | 0.332 (0.083–0.581) | 0.009 | |
| Yes | 35 | 36 | 44 | 115 | ||
| 0 (ref.) | −0.511 (−1.209–0.188) | 0.078 (−0.583–0.739) | 0.697 | 0.321 (−0.135–0.776) | 0.165 | |
| p for interaction | 0.023 | 0.010 |
Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between T-score L1–L4 and estimated phytate intake (tertiles and per each 25 mg/100 kcal). Results are expressed as β coefficients (95% CIs). Models were adjusted for age (years), BMI (kg/m2), physical activity (MET•min/week), educational level (higher education/technician or secondary education/primary education or less), smoking status (never/former/current), type 2 diabetes prevalence, osteoporotic fractures prevalence, energy (kcal/day), calcium (mg/day), vitamin D (µg/day), glycemic index, vegetables and fruits (g/day). p-value of interaction with estimated phytate intake was indicated in italics.