| ACR | albumin-to-creatinine ratio; |
| BMD | bone mineral density; |
| BMI | body mass index; |
| CI | 95% confidence interval |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease; |
| DBP | diastolic blood pressures; |
| eGFR | estimated glomerular filtration rate; |
| FPG | fasting plasma glucose; |
| HbA1c | hemoglobin A1c; |
| hPDI | healthy plant-based dietary index; |
| IGF-I | insulin-like growth factor I; |
| NCHS | National Center for Health Statistics; |
| NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; |
| OGTT | oral glucose tolerance test; |
| OR | odds ratio; |
| PDI | overall plant-based dietary index; |
| PIR | poverty income ratio; |
| SBP | systolic blood pressures; |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus; |
| uPDI | unhealthy plant-based dietary index; |
| US | United States. |