. 2021 Oct 25;54(3):475–488. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002811

TABLE 4.

Acute shear rate (Y·) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes during the single knee extension muscle exercise and knee extensor muscles stretching bout performed without and with the active arm.


A		Baseline	1st Min	2nd Min	3rd Min	4th Min	5th Min	Time–Condition Interaction	Time	ANCOVA
SLKE without arm (n = 12)	$\overset{\cdot}{Y}$ (s)	17 (1)	19 (3)	20 (3)*	22 (3)*	23 (3)*	23 (3)*	F, 1.599	F, 3.826	F, 1.928
SLKE with active arm (n = 12)		16 (3)	18 (3)*	19 (3)*	20 (3)*	22 (3)*	22 (3)*	P = 0.090	P = 0.003	P = 0.123
PS without arm (n = 12)		18 (3)	21 (4)*	20 (4)*	21 (5)	20 (3)*	20 (3)	η_p², 0.067	η_p², 0.110	η_p², 0.063
PS with active arm (n = 12)		19 (3)	22 (5)*	23 (4)*	22 (4)*	21 (4)	22 (5)
SLKE without arm (n = 12)	MAP (mm Hg)	88 (8)	102 (11)^,*	109 (11)^,*	117 (6)^,*	120 (8)^,*	121 (8)^,*	F, 27.661	F, 12.364	F, 8.509
SLKE with active arm (n = 12)		88 (5)	105 (4)^,*	106 (4)^,*	112 (5)^,*	118 (5)^,*	119 (5)^,*	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.001
PS with active arm (n = 12)		89 (8)	88 (6)	89 (6)	89 (8)	89 (6)	89 (6)	η_p², 0.755	η_p², 0.314	η_p², 0.240
PS with active arm (n = 12)		89 (8)	89 (5)	89 (5)	89 (7)	89 (5)	89 (6)

B	Elongation	Baseline	1st Min	2nd Min	3rd Min	4th Min	5th Min	Time–Condition–Phase Interaction	Time–Condition Interaction	Time–Phase Interaction
B		Passive Stretching Bout						Time–Condition–Phase Interaction	Time–Condition Interaction	Time–Phase Interaction
PS without active arm (n = 12)	$\overset{\cdot}{Y}$ (s⁻¹)	18 (3)	17 (3)***	16 (2)*^,**	16 (4)*^,**	16 (3)*^,**	16 (3)*^,**	F, 1.592	F, 0.975	F, 11.789
PS with active arm (n = 12)	$\overset{\cdot}{Y}$ (s⁻¹)	19 (3)	19 (6)***	18 (5)***	18 (4)*^,**	17 (4)*^,**	19 (5)***	P = 0.165	P = 0.435	P < 0.001
	Relaxation							η_p², 0.042	η_p², 0.026	η_p², 0.247
PS without active arm (n = 12)	$\overset{\cdot}{Y}$ (s)	18 (3)	24 (5)****	25 (6)****	26 (7)*^,**	24 (3)****	23 (4)*^,**
PS with active arm (n = 12)	$\overset{\cdot}{Y}$ (s)	19 (3)	26 (6)****	28 (5)****	25 (5)****	23 (6)****	25 (7)****
PS without active arm (n = 12)	MAP (mm Hg)	89 (8)	91 (5)***	93 (5)*^,**	92 (8)*^,**	92 (6)*^,**	91 (5)***	F, 0.479	F, 0.309	F, 15.881
PS with active arm (n = 12)	MAP (mm Hg)	89 (8)	91 (4)***	94 (4)*^,**	92 (7)*^,**	94 (4)*^,**	93 (5)*^,**	P = 0.792	P = 0.907	P < 0.001
	Relaxation							η_p², 0.017	η_p², 0.011	η_p², 0.362
PS without active arm (n = 12)	MAP (mm Hg)	89 (8)	86 (6)	85 (7)****	86 (8)****	86 (7)****	86 (7)****
PS with active arm (n = 12)	MAP (mm Hg)	89 (8)	86 (5)	85 (7)****	85 (8)****	85 (7)****	85 (8)****

Panel A: Changes in the mean Y˙ in the brachial artery (upper table) and MAP (lower table) detected at baseline and during the 5-min acute SLKE muscle exercise performed at 70% of the maximum work rate and during the acute stretching bout administered to the knee extensor muscles performed without and with the active arm. ANCOVA detected possible intercondition differences in $\overset{\cdot}{Y}$ and in MAP.

Panel B: Changes in the mean Y˙ in the brachial artery and MAP detected at baseline and during the elongation and relaxation phases of the acute stretching bout administered to the knee extensor muscles (n = 12) with and without the active arm. Three-way repeated-measures ANOVA (time–conditions–phase).

*P < 0.05 vs baseline, **P < 0.05 SLKE (with and without active arm) vs passive stretching (with and without active arm).

***P < 0.05 elongation vs relaxation, ****P < 0.05 vs baseline.