Table 1.
Descriptive statistics (n=171)
| Cervical cancer screening | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | All | No | Yes | p-value* | |
| Age | 51.5 (14.15) | 43.24 (16.07) | 54.19 (12.39) | 0.0002 | |
| Live-in partner | Yes | 85 (49.71%) | 20 (47.62%) | 65 (50.39%) | 0.755 |
| No | 86 (50.29%) | 22 (52.38%) | 64 (49.61%) | ||
| Education | Less than HS | 29 (16.96%) | 9 (21.43%) | 20 (15.50%) | 0.056 |
| HS | 55 (32.16%) | 17 (40.48%) | 38 (29.46%) | ||
| More than HS | 87 (50.88%) | 16 (38.10%) | 71 (55.04%) i | ||
| Income | Less than 10k | 68 (39.77%) | 21 (50%) | 47 (36.43%) | 0.192 |
| 10k–20k | 51 (29.82%) | 12 (28.57%) | 39 (30.23%) | ||
| 20k+ | 49 (28.65%) | 8 (19.05%) | 41 (31.78%) | ||
| Employed | Yes | 83 (48.54%) | 19 (45.24%) | 64 (49.61%) | 0.622 |
| No | 88 (51.46%) | 23 (54.76%) | 65 (50.39%) | ||
| Has regular healthcare provider | Yes | 108 (63.91% | 19 (53.66%) | 90 (69.53%) | 0.007 |
| No | 61 (36.09%) | 22 (53.66%) | 39 (30.47%) | ||
| Cervical cancer screening | |||||
| Screening ever | Yes | 129 (75.44%) | 42 (100%) | 129 (100%) | |
| Screening current | Yes | 72 (42.11%) | -- | 72 (55.81%) | |
| Last test (of those screened) | Pap test | 104 (60.82%) | -- | 104 (80.62%) | |
| HPV test | 1 (0.58%) | -- | 1 (0.78%) | ||
| Both | 24 (14.04%) | -- | 24 (18.6%) | ||
| General cervical cancer awareness | |||||
| Talked to doctor about testing | 71 (41.52%) | 9 (21.43%) | 62 (48.06%) | 0.002 | |
| Heard of HPV | 94 (54.97%) | 19 (45.24%) | 75 (58.14%) | 0.144 | |
| Heard of HPV vaccine | 56 (32.75%) | 13 (30.95%) | 43 (33.33%) | 0.752 | |
| Cervical cancer risk factor knowledge | |||||
| Which of these increases the risk of cervical cancer? | |||||
| Medically more reasonable risk factors (Yes=1, No=0) | |||||
| Having relatives with cervical cancer (that is, genetics) | 132 (77.19%) | 33 (78.57%) | 99 (76.74%) | 0.8064 | |
| Having multiple sex partners | 129 (75.44%) | 25 (59.52%) | 104 (80.62%) | 0.0058 | |
| Have given birth to three or more children | 56 (32.75%) | 15 (35.71%) | 41 (31.78%) | 0.6373 | |
| Using birth control pills for a long time (≥5 years) | 89 (52.05%) | 20 (47.62%) | 69 (53.49%) | 0.5084 | |
| Being sexually active at an early age | 112 (65.5%) | 26 (61.9%) | 86 (66.67%) | 0.5729 | |
| Smoking or being exposed to cigarette smoke | 91 (53.22%) | 15 (35.71%) | 76 (58.91%) | 0.0089 | |
| Being < 17 at first full-term pregnancy | 52 (30.41%) | 9 (21.43%) | 43 (33.33%) | 0.1452 | |
| Having a weakened immune system (e.g., HIV) | 130 (76.02%) | 29 (69.05%) | 101 (78.29%) | 0.2228 | |
| Being overweight | 68 (39.77%) | 16 (38.1%) | 52 (40.31%) | 0.7989 | |
| A diet low in fruits and vegetables | 85 (49.71%) | 24 (57.14%) | 61 (47.29%) | 0.2672 | |
| Knowing HPV causes cervical cancer | 117 (68.42%) | 24 (57.14%) | 93 (72.09%) | 0.0636 | |
| Medically less reasonable risk factors (Yes=0, No=1) | |||||
| A diet low in fiber and high in fat | 101 (59.06%) | 22 (52.38%) | 79 (61.24%) | 0.3105 | |
| A diet high in processed meats | 105 (61.4%) | 21 (50%) | 84 (65.12%) | 0.0805 | |
| Lack of cleanliness/hygiene | 112 (65.5%) | 31 (73.81%) | 81 (62.79%) | 0.192 | |
| Vaginal infections | 144 (84.21%) | 36 (85.71%) | 108 (83.72%) | 0.7583 | |
| Having sexual intercourse during menstruation | 70 (40.94%) | 17 (40.48%) | 53 (41.09%) | 0.9444 | |
| Receiving hits or bruises in the vagina area | 79 (46.2%) | 23 (54.76%) | 56 (43.41%) | 0.2 | |
| Using preservatives in food | 52 (30.41%) | 12 (28.57%) | 40 (31.01%) | 0.7656 | |
| Cervical cancer risk factor knowledge total score | Max score=18 | 9.33 (1.8) | 8.62 (1.99) | 9.57 (1.68) | 0.0072 |