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. 2023 Apr 13;14(3):583–593. doi: 10.1007/s41999-023-00772-3

Table 2.

90-Day mortality and hazard ratio estimates for age, severity and frailty of Clostridioides difficile infection

Total,
n (%)
Death within 90 days, n (%) Crude HR
(95% CI)
P-value Adjusted HR (95% CI)a P-value
Total N = 457 127 (28)
Age groups (years)
 60–69 118 (25) 20/118 (17) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 70–79 158 (35) 37/158 (23) 1.46 (0.85–2.51) 0.175 1.48 (0.86–2.55) 0.162
 80-max 181 (40) 70/181 (39) 2.67 (1.62–4.38)  < 0.001 2.71 (1.64–4.47)  < 0.001
Severity (N = 412)
 Severeb 222 (54) 31/222 (14) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 Fulminant 190 (46) 94/190 (49) 4.69 (3.12–7.05)  < 0.001 4.58 (3.04–6.88)  < 0.001
Frailty level (N = 387)
 Low (MPI-1) 80 (18) 5/80 (6) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 Moderate (MPI-2) 136 (30) 25/136 (18) 3.10 (1.19–8.10) 0.021 2.70 (1.03–7.11) 0.044
 Severe (MPI-3) 171 (37) 88/171 (51) 11.32 (4.60–27.90)  < 0.001 10.15 (4.06–25.36)  < 0.001
 Unknown 70 (15) 9/70 (13)

Patients with unknown MPI or CDI severity were not included in the analysis, but separate sensitivity analyses were made

CDI Clostridioides difficile infection, MPI multidimensional prognostic index

aAdjusted for age and gender. Age groups only adjusted for gender

bMild (n = 33) and severe (n = 189) CDI were merged