Table 1.
Patient demographics
| Characteristic | Before COVID-19 (n = 11,660) | During COVID-19 (n = 13,152) | p value |
| Age in years, mean ± SD | 57 ± 16 | 57 ± 16 | < 0.001 |
| Women, % (n) | 60 (7046) | 61 (8051) | 0.21 |
| Self-reported race or ethnicity, % (n) | 0.08 | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 86 (10,079) | 86 (11,333) | |
| Black non-Hispanic | 10 (1203) | 10 (1334) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (132) | 2 (198) | |
| Other | 2 (246) | 2 (287) | |
| National ADI quartile, % (n) | < 0.001 | ||
| First (low social deprivation) | 23 (2695) | 25 (3280) | |
| Second | 35 (4143) | 36 (4724) | |
| Third | 25 (2961) | 24 (3175) | |
| Fourth (high social deprivation) | 16 (1861) | 15 (1973) | |
| Payor type, % (n) | 0.19 | ||
| Commercial | 67 (7799) | 68 (8934) | |
| Medicare | 30 (3544) | 29 (3843) | |
| Medicaid | 1.3 (155) | 1.5 (202) | |
| Workers compensation | 1.0 (119) | 0.9 (124) | |
| Self-pay | 0.4 (43) | 0.4 (49) | |
| Smoking status, % (n) | < 0.001 | ||
| Never | 63 (7314) | 65 (8601) | |
| Former | 31 (3597) | 28 (3639) | |
| Current | 6 (749) | 7 (912) | |
| Orthopaedic subspecialty, % (n) | < 0.001 | ||
| Nonoperative | 30 (3543) | 35 (4536) | |
| Upper extremity | 29 (3380) | 27 (3588) | |
| Joint reconstruction | 19 (2166) | 17 (2273) | |
| Foot and ankle | 8 (880) | 9 (1121) | |
| Spine | 7 (859) | 6 (743) | |
| Trauma | 3 (326) | 3 (390) | |
| Oncology | 2 (268) | 2 (278) | |
| Sports medicine | 2 (238) | 2 (223) |
Data were collected from the electronic medical record. ADI = Area Deprivation Index.