Table 1.

Rome IV criteria for functional constipation in children [2, 124]

Age	< 4 years	Developmental age of ≥ 4 years
Rome IV criteria	1. < 3 defecations per week 2. History of excessive stool retention 3. History of painful or hard bowel movements 4. History of large-diameter stools 5. Presence of a large fecal mass in the rectum 6. In toilet-trained children, the following additional criteria may be used: ≥ 1 episode of fecal incontinence per week after the acquisition of toileting skills 7. History of large-diameter stools that may obstruct the toilet	1. < 3 defecations in the toilet per week 2. ≥ 1 episode of fecal incontinence per week 3. History of retentive posturing or excessive volitional stool retention 4. History of painful or hard bowel movements 5. Presence of a large fecal mass in the rectum 6. History of large-diameter stools that may obstruct the toilet
	Must fulfill ≥ 2 criteria for ≥ 1 month prior to diagnosis	Must fulfill ≥ 2 criteria at least once per week for ≥ 1 month prior to diagnosis Insufficient criteria for diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation