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. 2023 Apr 12;14:2077. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37716-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — F-actin staining of 5-day-old LVD-cardiac tissue (a), and the representative images in different locations of LVD (b) and control tissues (c). d Confocal images of LVD-cardiac bundles showing the tubular structures. Representative images of rat-CM proteins expression stained for sarcomeric α-actinin (green), CX43 (red), and DAPI (blue) in LVD (e) and control (f) tissues after 5 days of culture. Quantitative analysis of sarcomeric length (g) and CX43 area fraction (h). n = 5 independent samples. i Relative gene expression in LVD tissues vs. control tissues. n = 3 independent samples. Data are represented as mean values ± standard deviation. The significant difference is determined by unpaired two-tailed t-test, 95% confidence interval. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ns (p > 0.05) no significant difference.