Table 2.
PDX related clinical trials
| Cancer type | PDX type | Objective | Trial design | Phase | Current status | NCT number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) | − | Determine the reliability of PDX for treatment response for individual TNBC patient | Create PDX mouse models with tissues collected pre- and post- neoadjuvant treatment | − | Completed | NCT02247037 |
| Breast cancer | − | Explore the mechanisms of high recurrence after neoadjuvant therapy | Generate PDX and organoids from breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy | − | Recruiting | NCT04703244 |
| Metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) | Mini-PDX | Investigate the efficacy of guided treatment based on Mini-PDX in mTNBC patients | Personalized treatment guided by mini-PDX and RNA sequencing | II | Recruiting | NCT04745975 |
| Bladder cancer, Gastric cancer, Liver cancer, Lung cancer | − | Develop and characterize over 200 PDXs of different cancers and across different races | Tumor tissue samples of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer or liver cancer were collected to establish PDXs | − | Recruiting | NCT04410302 |
| Sarcoma | Nude mice | Develop a platform of PDX for soft tissue sarcomas | Establish sarcoma PDX and treat with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for translational research | − | Recruiting | NCT02910895 |
| Prostate cancer | Mini-PDX | Guide treatment for patients resistant to abiraterone, enzalutamide or other new second-generation anti-androgenic drugs | Use the Second-generation sequencing and Mini-PDX to make personalized treatment and explore the clinical consistency | − | Recruiting | NCT03786848 |
| Gastric cancer | zebrafish PDX | Evaluate the consistency of PDX for predicting therapeutic effect | Observe the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patient and corresponding PDX | − | Not yet recruiting | NCT05616533 |
| Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) | − | Generate a biobank of PDX representing the different subgroups of HNSCC | Establish PDX with primary and recurrent tumor tissues, explore new biomarkers, novel therapy and drug resistance | − | Recruiting | NCT02572778 |
| Breast Cancer | − | Establish a PDX platform of ER + , HER2- breast cancer | Develop novel treatment strategies and dissect signaling pathways underlying drug sensitivity and resistance | − | Completed | NCT02752893 |
| Osteosarcoma | − | Provide patients with individualized treatment options with the help of PDX | Molecular profiling and in vivo drug testing | − | Not yet recruiting | NCT03358628 |
| Metastatic solid tumors | Chick embryos | Use novel PDX platform to guide hyper-personalized medicine | Evaluate anti-tumor effects by ultrasound imaging and histology | − | Recruiting | NCT04602702 |
| Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) | Humanized CD34 PDX | Comparison of clinical response and in-vivo anti-tumor response | Patients and corresponding PDXs expressing PD-L1 after failure of platinum-based combination chemotherapy will be treated with Pembrolizumab | IV | Recruiting | NCT03134456 |
| Relapsedmantle cell lymphoma | − | Determine the feasibility of guiding personalized treatment by PDX | Patients that respond to previous treatment but experience relapse or disease progression receive treatment based on the results of the PDX | Early I | Recruiting | NCT03219047 |
| Colorectal cancer, High-grade serous ovarian cancer, TNBC | − | Evaluate the utility of PDX as predictor to direct the use of chemo- and targeted therapies | Molecular profiling & in vivo drug testing in PDX and organoid cultures | − | Recruiting | NCT02732860 |
| Breast Cancer | Nude mice | Develop PDX from tumor samples from surgical specimens of patients | Genetic analysis will be performed in patients who got a successful PDX | − | Recruiting | NCT04133077 |
| Pancreatic cancer | Mini-PDX | Provide precision diagnosis and treatment for different stages of cancer patients | Generate Mini-PDX and explore the best medicine by RNA sequencing and drug sensitivity test. | − | Recruiting | NCT04373928 |
| HNSCC | − | Develop a biobank of HNSCC PDX and guide chemotherapy | Genomic sequencing and drug sensitivity testing | − | Completed | NCT02752932 |
| Urogenital cancer | Chick embryos | Test PDX efficiency and guide individualized treatment | Give certain medicines to PDX and determine the potentiality of each drug | − | Completed | NCT03551457 |