. 2023 Mar 30;10:1098579. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1098579

Table 6.

Effects of CCT supplementation on the mRNA levels of mucosal growth-related genes, immune-related genes and mucosal energy metabolism-related genes in the jejunum in piglets after LPS challenge.

Item	Control	LPS	CS+LPS	CCT+LPS	p-value
Mucosa growth related genes
IGF-1	1.000 ± 0.213^b	0.724 ± 0.091^ab	2.642 ± 0.512^c	0.488 ± 0.161^a	< 0.001
mTOR	1.000 ± 0.157^a	0.583 ± 0.104^b	0.999 ± 0.178^a	0.641 ± 0.124^b	< 0.001
ALP	1.000 ± 0.155^a	0.674 ± 0.125^b	1.092 ± 0.159^a	0.581 ± 0.055^b	< 0.001
Immune related genes
IL-4	1.000 ± 0.134^a	0.764 ± 0.095^b	0.537 ± 0.076^c	0.357 ± 0.051^d	< 0.001
IL-6	1.000 ± 0.109^b	0.561 ± 0.089^a	1.295 ± 0.256^c	2.022 ± 0.264^d	< 0.001
IL-8	1.000 ± 0.154^a	0.473 ± 0.069^d	0.655 ± 0.117^c	0.831 ± 0.164^b	< 0.001
IL-10	1.000 ± 0.168^a	0.717 ± 0.077^b	0.885 ± 0.169^ab	0.861 ± 0.149^ab	0.026
TNF-α	1.000 ± 0.140^a	0.499 ± 0.067^b	0.584 ± 0.102^b	0.497 ± 0.051^b	< 0.001

Data are means ± SD, n = 6, CS, colistin sulfate; CCT, a complex of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and thymol; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factors-1; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase. Differences among treatment means were determined using Duncan's post-hoc tests. ^{a − d}Means within rows with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).