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. 2023 Mar 30;10:1131373. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1131373

Table 1.

Characteristics of 4,959 participants in NHANES data, 1999–2018.

Characteristics Hepatitis B surface antibody is positive (N = 2,304) Hepatitis B surface antibody is negative (N = 2,655) p-value
Age (years) 37.51 ± 15.10 40.64 ± 16.32 <0.001*,a
18–40 years 1,423 (28.7%) 1,401 (28.3%) <0.001*
40–60 years 606 (12.2%) 817 (16.5%)
>60 years 275 (5.5%) 437 (8.8%)
Sex <0.001*
Males 870 (17.5%) 1,221 (24.6%)
Females 1,434 (28.9%) 1,434 (28.9%)
Race <0.001*
Mexican American 236 (4.8%) 436 (8.8%)
Other Hispanic 184 (3.7%) 252 (5.1%)
Non-Hispanic white 1,044 (21.1%) 1,047 (21.1%)
Non-Hispanic black 479 (9.7%) 660 (13.3%)
Other race including multiracial 361 (7.3%) 260 (5.2%)
BMI <0.001*
Underweight 53 (1.1%) 47 (0.9%)
Normal weight 864 (17.4%) 738 (14.9%)
Overweight 697 (14.1%) 806 (16.3%)
Obese 690 (13.9%) 1,064 (21.5%)
Smoking status <0.001*
Smoker 811 (16.4%) 1,086 (21.9%)
Never smoker 1,493 (30.1%) 1,569 (31.6%)
Drinking status 0.029*
Drinker 1,601 (32.3%) 1768 (35.7%)
Never drinker 703 (14.2%) 887 (17.9%)
Having diabetes or not <0.001*
Yes 142 (2.9%) 305 (6.2%)
No 2,162 (43.6%) 2,350 (47.4%)
TC (mmol/L) 4.86 ± 1.04 4.85 ± 1.04 0.607a
Normal 1875 (37.8%) 2,156 (43.5%) 0.875
Hyper 429 (8.7%) 499 (10.1%)
TG (mmol/L) 1.22 ± 0.75 1.33 ± 0.77 <0.001*,a
Normal 1853 (37.4%) 2020 (40.7%) <0.001*
Hyper 451 (9.1%) 635 (12.8%)
HDL (mmol/L) 1.45 ± 0.42 1.37 ± 0.39 <0.001*,a
Normal 2,198 (44.3%) 2,462 (49.6%) <0.001*
Hypo 106 (2.1%) 193 (3.9%)
LDL (mmol/L) 2.85 ± 0.90 2.87 ± 0.91 0.470a
Normal 1732 (34.9%) 1937 (39.1%) 0.076
Hyper 572 (11.5%) 718 (14.5%)

PIR: family poverty income ratio. BMI: body mass index. TC: total cholesterol. TG: triglyceride. HDL: high-density lipoprotein. LDL: low-density lipoprotein. The data were presented as the means ± standard deviations (age, TC, TG, HDL, LDL) or N (%) (other indicators). *The p-value is less than 0.05. aCalculated using Mann–Whitney U test.