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. 2023 Mar 30;14:1141952. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141952

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Halofuginone affects invasion and endogenous development in E. tenella. (A) Schematic illustration of the experimental design. The fresh sporozoites were extracted and treated with different concentrations (0, 10, 100 nM and 1, 5 μM) of halofuginone for 6 h. Designed experiments to detect the difference between different groups in vivo and in vitro. (B) The effect of halofuginone on the invasion efficiency for E. tenella in MDBK cells. Sporozoites were counted at 25 different locations in each well under a microscope and each sample was performed with triplicates. ***p < 0.001. (C) Detection of changes in invasion by RT-qPCR when sporozoites are preincubated with different concentrations of halofuginone (0, 10, 100 nM and 1, 5 μM). Values represent the mean ± SEM from five independent experiments performed in triplicates. ***p < 0.001. (D) Comparison of the number of oocysts output among different concentrations (0, 10, 100 nM and 1 μM). Each sample was performed twice. ***p < 0.001.