Table 2.
Summary table of the main outcomes.
| Study | Caries (cases) | CA VI activity/concentration cases | CA VI activity/concentration Control | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frasseto et al. (2012) | NR | Activity = 42,752.11 ± 32,476.62 | Activity = 19,130.79 ± 16,911.68 | Variation of salivary CAVI activity and child's age are associated with dental caries in preschool children. | |
| Cardoso et al. (2017) | NR | NR numerically | NR numerically | Saliva of individuals under orthodontic treatment is subjected to changes in properties that have implications on the onset of active caries lesions. | |
| Kormi et al. (2020) | NR |
Levels healthy = 21.62 ± 3.09 Asthma = 7.03 ± 1.17 |
Levels healthy = 14.12 ± 2.58 Asthma = 12.27 ± 1.18 |
CA VI may serve as a protective mechanism against dental caries in children with bronchial asthma. | |
| Kivelä et al. (1999) | 7.3 ± 0.4 for whole sample | 5 ± 2.89 mg/L for the whole sample, the level decreased with decreased DMFT | Low salivary CA VI concentrations are associated with increased caries prevalence, particularly in subjects with neglected oral hygiene. | ||
| de‐Sousa et al. (2021a) |
dmft = 5.27 ± 5.90 WSL = 6.95 ± 4.82 Both = 12.23 ± 7.98 |
NR for both saliva and dental biofilm | NR for both saliva and dental biofilm | CA VI activity was significantly higher in saliva and biofilm of children with early childhood caries compared with caries‐free children | |
| Picco et al. (2019) |
DMFT 3.162 ± 1.385 |
Activity = 25.96 ± 16.41 Concentration = 1.693 ± 1.802 |
Activity = 17.65 ± 9.52 Concentration = 3.507 ± 4.014 |
CA VI activity was significantly higher in biofilm of children with caries than in the caries‐free children, while CA VI concentration was significantly higher in the biofilm of caries‐free children than in the caries group. | |
| Borghi et al. (2017) |
dmfs 10.24 ± 14.04 dmft 5.72 ± 4.57 |
Activity = 0.31 ± 0.65 | Activity = 0.25 ± 0.43 |
Dropouts: after 1 year, 19 children were excluded due to preschool changes. The activity of the CA VI was significantly higher in saliva of children with caries than in those caries‐free (p ≤ .05). |
|
| Picco et al. (2017) |
DMFT 3.162 |
Activity = 3.391 ± 2.046 Concentration = 0.4255 ± 0.3835 |
Activity = 1.383 ± 1.076 Concentration = 0.8561 ± 0.7141 |
A moderate positive correlation between CA VI activity and concentration was noted in the caries group. The salivary CA VI concentration was significantly higher in caries‐free children and the salivary CA VI activity was significantly higher in caries‐active children. |
|
| de‐Sousa et al. (2021b) |
Study (1) dmfs ECC median = 8.00 (13.0) CF median = 0 Study (2) dmfs ECC median = 11.00 (12.0) CF median = 0 |
Study (1) Activity average 19.57 (14.69) Study (2) Activity average 4.07 (4.70) |
Study (1) Activity average 11.27 (10.85) Study (2) Activity average 2.02 (2.29) |
CA VI activity was higher in children with early childhood caries compared with caries‐free children. Saliva: No difference observed between groups when it comes to carbohydrates. Biofilm: No difference observed between groups when it comes to carbohydrates. |
|
Abbreviations: CA VI, carbonic anhydrase VI; CF, caries free; dmfs, the decayed, missing and filled surfaces for deciduous teeth; dmft/DMFT, the decayed, missing, and filled teeth, related to deciduous/permanent tooth caries, respectively; ECC, early childhood caries; NR, not reported numerically; WSL, white spot lesion.