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Quality assessment of the studies by Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS).
| Study | Selection | Comparability | Exposure | Total score | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frasseto et al. (2012) | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
| Cardoso et al. (2017) | ** | ‐ | *** | 5 | Moderate |
| Kormi et al. (2020) | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
| Kivelä et al. (1999) | ** | ‐ | *** | 5 | Moderate |
| de‐Sousa et al. (2021a) | **** | * | ** | 7 | High |
| Picco et al. (2019) | **** | * | ** | 7 | High |
| Borghi et al. (2017) | **** | * | ** | 7 | High |
| Picco et al. (2017) | **** | * | ** | 7 | High |
| de Sousa et al. (2021b) | **** | * | ** | 7 | High |
