Table 1.
Demographics and comorbidities for patients and controls
| Parameter | Total cohort | Patients | Controls | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number, n (%) | 187 (100.0) | 132 (70.6%) | 55 (29.4) | n.a. |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 44.92 (16.58) | 45.07 (17.84) | 44.56 (12.21) | 0.850 |
| Sexually active, n (%) | 141 (78.3) | 99 (78.0) | 42 (79.2) | 0.848 |
| Level of education | 0.027 | |||
| Grade school, n (%) | 18 (10.3) | 18 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| High school, n (%) | 55 (31.4) | 41 (32.5) | 14 (28.6) | |
| College, n (%) | 85 (48.6) | 56 (44.4) | 29 (59.2) | |
| Postgraduate, n (%) | 17 (9.7) | 11 (8.7) | 6 (12.2) | |
| Number of missed patients | 12 | 6 | 6 | |
| Cases with or without risk factors for UTI according to the ORENUC system | 0.039 | |||
| Cases with no known risk factors for UTI (O), n (%) | 95 (56.9) | 62 (55.1) | 33 (68.8) | |
| Risk of recurrent UTIs but without risk of a more severe outcome (R), n (%) | 37 (22.2) | 33 (27.7) | 4 (8.3) | |
| Extraurogenital risk factors (E), n (%) | 31 (18.6) | 22 (18.5) | 9 (18.8) | |
| Relevant nephropathic diseases (N), n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Urologic resolvable risk factors (U), n (%) | 4 (2.4) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (4.2) | |
| Permanent external urinary catheter and unresolved urologic risk factors (C), n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Number of missed patients | 20 | 13 | 7 | |
| Additional characteristics following Cai's nomogram | ||||
| Number of sexual partners within the last year | 0.362 | |||
| No sexual partner, n (%) | 33 (19.1) | 26 (21.5) | 7 (13.5) | |
| One sexual partner, n (%) | 117 (67.6) | 77 (63.6) | 40 (76.9) | |
| Two sexual partners, n (%) | 16 (9.2) | 12 (9.9) | 4 (7.7) | |
| More than two sexual partners, n (%) | 7 (4.0) | 6 (5.0) | 1 (1.9) | |
| Number of missed patients | 14 | 11 | 3 | |
| Bowel function | 0.488 | |||
| Normal bowel function, n (%) | 74 (71.8) | 54 (69.2) | 20 (80.0) | |
| Predisposed to constipation, n (%) | 27 (26.2) | 22 (28.2) | 5 (20.0) | |
| Predisposed to diarrhea, n (%) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Number of missed patients | 84 | 54 | 30 | |
| Hormonal status at the time of visit | 0.487 | |||
| Premenopausal, n (%) | 64 (62.1) | 47 (60.3) | 17 (68.0) | |
| Postmenopausal, n (%) | 103 (37.9) | 31 (39.7) | 8 (32.0) | |
| Number of missed patients | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Additional characteristics following ACSS's “Additional” domain | ||||
| Cases with menstruations at baseline, n (%) | 14 (7.5) | 12 (9.1) | 2 (3.6) | 0.213 |
| Cases with premenstrual symptoms, n (%) | 31 (16.6) | 20 (15.1) | 11 (20.0) | 0.172 |
| Cases with symptoms of menopause, n (%) | 39 (37.9) | 31 (39.7) | 8 (32.0) | 0.487 |
| Cases with pregnancy, n (%) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.8) | 0.189 |
| Cases with diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 12 (6.4) | 9 (6.9) | 3 (5.4) | 0.192 |
Abbreviations: ACSS, Acute Cystitis Symptom Score; LATAM, Latin America; n.a., not available; ORENUC, European Association of Urology's classification system for UTIs; UTI, urinary tract infection.