Table 1.

Dimensions and distinctions within conceptions of solidarity

Tiers	Tier 1: Interpersonal level Tier 2: Group practices Tier 3: Contractual and legal manifestations
Status	Descriptive Normative ‐Intrinsic/freestanding ‐Instrumental/auxiliary
Motivational basis	Rational (planned and consensual) ‐Common good ‐Interest solidarity Nonrational (social sense of the common) ‐Constitutional solidarity ‐Recognition of sameness/similarity ‐Humanitarian solidarity
Relationship with justice	Corresponding Auxiliary (‘putty’) Independent