Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Language Preference Other Than English (LPOE), Race and Ethnicity, Sex, Age by Preferred Language (Grouped into English vs non-English), Interpreter Need and Country of Birth (US-born vs Born Outside the US).
| Variable | Overall (N=851 410) | Language preference | Interpreter need | Country of birth | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English (n=817 440) | Non-English (n=33 970) | No (n=825 483) | Yes (n=25 927) | US (n=787 785) | Other (n=63 625) | ||
| Birthplace other than US, No. (%) | 63 625 (7.5) | 44 381 (5.4) | 19 244 (56.6) | 47 707 (5.8) | 15 918 (61.4) | NA | 63 625 (100.0) |
| Language preference other than English (%) | 33 970 (4.0) | NA | 33 970 (100.0) | 8052 (1.0) | 25 918 (100.0) | 14 726 (1.9) | 19 244 (30.2) |
| Interpreter need, No. (%) | 25 927 (3.0) | 9 (0.0) | 25 918 (76.3) | NA | 25 927 (100.0) | 10 009 (1.3) | 15 918 (25.0) |
| Preferred language (%) | |||||||
| English | 817 440 (96.0) | 817 440 (100.0) | NA | 817 431 (99.0) | 9 (0) | 773 059 (98.1) | 44 381 (69.8) |
| Arabic | 593 (0.1) | NA | 593 (1.7) | 204 (0) | 389 (1.5) | 231 (0) | 362 (0.6) |
| Cambodian/Khmer | 1266 (0.1) | NA | 1266 (3.7) | 190 (0) | 1076 (4.2) | 579 (0.1) | 687 (1.1) |
| Chinese languages | 1329 (0.2) | NA | 1329 (3.9) | 235 (0) | 1094 (4.2) | 578 (0.1) | 751 (1.2) |
| Eastern European languages | 1146 (0.1) | NA | 1146 (3.4) | 309 (0) | 837 (3.2) | 510 (0.1) | 636 (1.0) |
| Ethiopian languages | 2460 (0.3) | NA | 2460 (7.2) | 460 (0.1) | 2000 (7.7) | 503 (0.1) | 1957 (3.1) |
| Hmong | 1746 (0.2) | NA | 1746 (5.1) | 373 (0) | 1373 (5.3) | 711 (0.1) | 1035 (1.6) |
| Myanmar (formerly Burma) languages | 909 (0.1) | NA | 909 (2.7) | 53 (0) | 856 (3.3) | 98 (0) | 811 (1.3) |
| South Asian Languages | 579 (0.1) | NA | 579 (1.7) | 348 (0) | 231 (0.9) | 341 (0) | 238 (0.4) |
| Laotian | 618 (0.1) | NA | 618 (1.8) | 150 (0) | 468 (1.8) | 375 (0) | 243 (0.4) |
| Nepali | 584 (0.1) | NA | 584 (1.7) | 86 (0) | 498 (1.9) | 89 (0) | 495 (0.8) |
| American Sign Language | 712 (0.1) | NA | 712 (2.1) | 24 (0) | 688 (2.7) | 662 (0.1) | 50 (0.1) |
| Somali | 6562 (0.8) | NA | 6562 (19.3) | 2016 (0.2) | 4546 (17.5) | 2685 (0.3) | 3877 (6.1) |
| Spanish | 9166 (1.1) | NA | 9166 (27.0) | 1864 (0.2) | 7302 (28.2) | 4630 (0.6) | 4536 (7.1) |
| Vietnamese | 3511 (0.4) | NA | 3511 (10.3) | 422 (0.1) | 3089 (11.9) | 1412 (0.2) | 2099 (3.3) |
| Other (n <500) | 2789 (0.3) | NA | 2789 (8.2) | 1318 (0.2) | 1471 (5.7) | 1322 (0.2) | 1467 (2.3) |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||||||
| Female | 493 910 (58.0) | 471 882 (57.7) | 22 028 (64.8) | 476 675 (57.7) | 17 235 (66.5) | 455 395 (57.8) | 38 515 (60.5) |
| Male | 357 500 (42.0) | 345 558 (42.3) | 11 942 (35.2) | 348 808 (42.3) | 8692 (33.5) | 332 390 (42.2) | 25 110 (39.5) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 49.66 (18.3) | 49.64 (18.4) | 50.09 (17.4) | 49.58 (18.4) | 52.31 (17.1) | 49.81 (18.5) | 47.81 (16.4) |
| Age group (%), y | |||||||
| 18-30 | 153 375 (18.0) | 148 836 (18.2) | 4539 (13.4) | 150 818 (18.3) | 2557 (9.9) | 144 333 (18.3) | 9042 (14.2) |
| 31-50 | 285 901 (33.6) | 272 281 (33.3) | 13 620 (40.1) | 275 998 (33.4) | 9903 (38.2) | 256 740 (32.6) | 29 161 (45.8) |
| 51-64 | 226 217 (26.6) | 217 510 (26.6) | 8707 (25.6) | 218 978 (26.5) | 7239 (27.9) | 210 816 (26.8) | 15 401 (24.2) |
| 65-84 | 166 369 (19.5) | 160 041 (19.6) | 6328 (18.6) | 160 828 (19.5) | 5541 (21.4) | 157 477 (20.0) | 8892 (14.0) |
| ≥85 | 19 548 (2.3) | 18 772 (2.3) | 776 (2.3) | 18 861 (2.3) | 687 (2.6) | 18 419 (2.3) | 1129 (1.8) |
| Race and ethnicity, No. (%) | |||||||
| American Indian and Native Alaskan | 3004 (0.4) | 2980 (0.4) | 24 (0.1) | 2989 (0.4) | 15 (0.1) | 2869 (0.4) | 135 (0.2) |
| Asian | 43 706 (5.1) | 32 735 (4.0) | 10 971 (32.3) | 34 819 (4.2) | 8887 (34.3) | 25 185 (3.2) | 18 521 (29.1) |
| Black and African American | 76 671 (9.0) | 67 276 (8.2) | 9395 (27.7) | 70 002 (8.5) | 6669 (25.7) | 55 883 (7.1) | 20 788 (32.7) |
| Hispanic and Latino | 34 562 (4.1) | 25 388 (3.1) | 9174 (27.0) | 27 293 (3.3) | 7269 (28.0) | 24 928 (3.2) | 9634 (15.1) |
| Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander | 840 (0.1) | 807 (0.1) | 33 (0.1) | 814 (0.1) | 26 (0.1) | 687 (0.1) | 153 (0.2) |
| White | 659 671 (77.5) | 657 363 (80.4) | 2308 (6.8) | 658 142 (79.7) | 1529 (5.9) | 649 884 (82.5) | 9787 (15.4) |
| Multiracial | 9984 (1.2) | 9270 (1.1) | 714 (2.1) | 9443 (1.1) | 541 (2.1) | 8094 (1.0) | 1890 (3.0) |
| Othera | 12 732 (1.5) | 11 653 (1.4) | 1079 (3.2) | 11 946 (1.4) | 786 (3.0) | 10 071 (1.3) | 2661 (4.2) |
| Missing | 10 240 (1.2) | 9968 (1.2) | 272 (0.8) | 10 035 (1.2) | 205 (0.8) | 10 184 (1.3) | 56 (0.1) |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Race and ethnicity and preferred language were self-identified. Patient race options were prepopulated including the following categories: American Indian and Alaskan Native, Asian, Black and African American, Hispanic and Latino, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, White, and other. Ethnicity options were dichotomous between Hispanic and Latino or not Hispanic and Latino. Patients could select more than 1 race; those individuals were categorized into 1 cohort as multiracial. Other was a prepopulated option for the registration questions on race and preferred language.