Figure 7.

Kinetically controlled syntheses of donor–acceptor MIMs. a) Synthesis of a [2]rotaxane R1 ⁴⁺ by an S_N2 clipping approach. b) Synthesis of a [2]catenane C3 ⁴⁺ by an Eglinton–Glaser–Hay coupling approach. c) Synthesis of a [2]rotaxane R2 ⁴⁺ by a stoppering approach. d) Synthesis of a [2]catenane C4 ⁴⁺ and a [2]rotaxane R3 ⁴⁺ using “click” chemistry. Note that R1 ⁴⁺, R2 ⁴⁺, R3 ⁴⁺, C3 ⁴⁺, and C4 ⁴⁺ are all supported by the requisite number of PF₆ ⁻ counterions.