Table 1.

Summary of the main regulated cell death mechanisms

Type of RCD	Trigger	Facilitator	Inhibitor	Executioner
Intrinsic apoptosis	Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by BAX/BAK macropores and cytochrome c release	Proapoptotic factors from the BCL2 family	Antiapoptotic factors from the BCL2 family, Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs)	Proteolysis by executioner caspases
Extrinsic apoptosis	Activation of membrane cell death receptors	Death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). SMAC/DIABLO	Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAPs), FLIP	Proteolysis by executioner caspases
Necroptosis	Activation of membrane cell death receptors	RIPK1, RIPK3, SMAC/DIABLO	Caspase 8	Plasma membrane disruption by MLKL
Ferroptosis	Inhibition of GPX4, decrease of cystine uptake	hydroxyl radicals generation through Fenton reaction	Glutathione (GSH), antioxidant defense	Lipid peroxidation of plasma and intracellular membranes
Autophagy	Phagophore formation and fusion to the lysosome	Autophagy-related proteins (ATG)	Inhibition of lysosome acidification	Accumulation of toxic proteins or organelles leading to cellular stress