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. 2023 Apr 12;21:143. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02843-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Comparisons between MR estimates inferred from all IVs and IVs inside the MHC region. Scatter plot of the Z statistics of MR estimates of traits showing suggestive causal evidence with anti-VZV IgG levels using IVs outside MHC region (IV_mhc, vertical axis) or all IVs (IV_full, horizontal axis). A–E The results inferred from one MR method, with blue and orange dots indicating consistent (in the same causal directions) or inconsistent (in the opposite causal directions) MR results separately. F The combined MR results inferred from different methods, which are suggested by different colours. The dashed lines are the 95% confidence interval (CI) of Z statistics. Dots outside the CI are statistically significant (P < 0.05) MR results. The annotation on the bottom-left of each figure shows the Spearman correlation estimate (cor) and P-value of the correlation test. The legend on the bottom-right of each figure represents the number of the results that are statistically consistent (con) and statistically inconsistent (incon)