Table 1.

Overview of reports utilizing surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect (spiked) nanoplastics (NPs).

NP types[a]	Sample	SERS substrate	Enhancement factor	Ref.
PS	Spiked water	Ag nanoparticles on Si wafer	Uneven	[54]
	Spiked lake water	Ag nanoparticles with KI	2.30×104  [b]	[55]
	Spiked water and sea water	Ag nanoparticles with NaCl	4×104  [b]	[56]
	Spiked bottled, tap, and river water	Nanowell patterned Ag film on SiO2 substrate	2.3×108  [c]	[57]
	Spiked water	Ag nanowires on regenerated cellulose	1.8×107	[58]
PS/PMMA	Spiked water	Klarite substrate	172[b]	[26]
PS/PET	Air	Klarite substrate		[26]
PS/PET	Spiked water	Au nanoparticles on glass	445.7[b]	[59]
PE	Bottles and cups under irradiation	CuO/Ag nanoparticles	–	[60]
PS[d]	Exposed bivalves	PS‐coated Au nanostars[d]	–	[61]

[a] Key: polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET). [b] The highest reported, but for one specific particle size. Other particle sizes had lower enhancement factors. [c] Calculated on measurements performed on p‐ATP molecules instead of on the NPs themselves. [d] The plastic and metal particle are the same: PS is grown around a SERS nanostar.