TABLE 2.
Comparison of residual concentrations of antimicrobials in fertilizer samples of different originsa
| Antibiotic | Chicken feces origin (n = 34) |
Pig feces origin (n = 27) |
Dairy feces origin (n = 18) |
Plant waste origin (n = 15) |
Total (n = 94) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Detection rate (%) | Concn range (μg/kg) | Mean (μg/kg) | Detection rate (%) | Concn range (μg/kg) | Mean (μg/kg) | Detection rate (%) | Concn range (μg/kg) | Mean (μg/kg) | Detection rate (%) | Concn range (μg/kg) | Mean (μg/kg) | Detection rate (%) | Concn range (μg/kg) | Mean (μg/kg) | |
| Sulfonamides | 8.82 | 7.90–11.07 | 8.43 | 3.70 | 5.76 | 5.76 | 5.56 | 5.03 | 5.03 | 6.67 | 3.18 | 3.18 | 6.38 | 3.18–11.07 | 6.55 |
| Sulfadiazine | 0 | 0 | 5.56 | 5.03 | 5.03 | 0 | 1.06 | 5.03 | 5.03 | ||||||
| Sulfamethoxazole | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Sulfamethazine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Sulfamonomethoxine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Sulfaquinoxaline | 8.82 | 7.90–11.07 | 8.43 | 3.70 | 5.76 | 5.76 | 0 | 6.67 | 3.18 | 3.18 | 5.32 | 3.18–11.07 | 6.85 | ||
| Fluoroquinolones | 11.76 | 29.54–494.56 | 186.16 | 14.81 | 11.47–114.36 | 47.87 | 11.11 | 27.64–212.48 | 120.06 | 6.67 | 4.99 | 4.99 | 12.77 | 4.99–480.7 | 98.44 |
| Enrofloxacin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Ciprofloxacin | 8.82 | 13.86–118.46 | 53.95 | 7.41 | 11.47–11.93 | 11.70 | 5.56 | 27.64 | 27.64 | 6.67 | 4.99 | 4.99 | 7.45 | 4.99–118.46 | 31.13 |
| Danofloxacin | 5.88 | 102.09–480.70 | 291.40 | 7.41 | 53.7–114.36 | 84.03 | 5.56 | 212.48 | 212.48 | 0 | 5.32 | 53.7–480.7 | 192.67 | ||
| Sarafloxacin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Macrolides | 26.47 | 7.36–8.93 | 8.33 | 7.41 | 8.74–8.85 | 8.80 | 22.22 | 7.40–8.73 | 8.25 | 13.33 | 1.93–2.07 | 2 | 18.09 | 1.93–8.93 | 7.62 |
| Azithromycin | 20.59 | 8.36–8.93 | 8.55 | 7.41 | 8.74–8.85 | 8.80 | 16.67 | 8.38–8.73 | 8.54 | 6.67 | 1.93 | 1.93 | 13.83 | 1.93–8.93 | 8.08 |
| Tilmicosin | 5.88 | 7.36–7.72 | 7.54 | 0 | 5.56 | 7.40 | 7.40 | 6.67 | 2.07 | 2.07 | 4.26 | 2.07–7.72 | 6.14 | ||
| Tylosin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Tetracyclines | 14.71 | 15.01–259.31 | 61.15 | 18.52 | 16.96–79.41 | 52.81 | 5.56 | 22.29 | 22.29 | 0 | 13.83 | 8.51–137.87 | 45.55 | ||
| Tetracycline | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Oxytetracycline | 8.82 | 15.01–137.87 | 56.21 | 11.11 | 16.96–44.2 | 28.09 | 5.56 | 13.78 | 13.78 | 0 | 7.45 | 13.78–137.87 | 38.1 | ||
| Chlortetracycline | 5.88 | 15.68–121.44 | 68.56 | 3.70 | 56.31 | 56.31 | 5.56 | 8.51 | 8.51 | 0 | 4.26 | 8.51–121.44 | 50.49 | ||
| Doxycycline | 0 | 7.41 | 59.32–64.16 | 61.74 | 0 | 0 | 2.13 | 59.32–64.16 | 61.74 | ||||||
| Amphenicols | 0 | 3.70 | 44.46 | 44.46 | 0 | 0 | 1.06 | 44.46 | 44.46 | ||||||
| Thiamphenicol | 0 | 3.70 | 44.46 | 44.46 | 0 | 0 | 1.06 | 44.46 | 44.46 | ||||||
| Florfenicol | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
a
The mean is the average value of the detected concentrations of antimicrobials.