FIG 2.

Map of study sites of retrospective sample collection from the Peruvian Amazon region Loreto (gray). The majority of the samples were collected in Maynas Province (areas 1, 2, and 3): samples were collected in or near the San Juan Bautista district (area 3), which covers part of the urban area of Loreto’s capital Iquitos and periurban communities south of Iquitos (n = 226), and the Mazán district (area 1) (n = 17) and the Punchana district (area 2) (n = 64) with remote communities living near forest rivers such as the Amazon River and the Napo River, north of Iquitos. A final collection of samples from 2018 was available from the Northern Amazon region in Datem del Marañón Province, Pastaza district (area 4) (n = 5). P. falciparum-positive samples from previous studies were selected based on geographical representation and parasite density (≥100 p/μL by PCR; geometric mean density of 4,300 ± 3.1 p/μL).