. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 13.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2022 Jul 20;23(9):1589.e1–1589.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.06.008

Table 2.

Variables Most Commonly Associated with APM Use

Independent Variables	Number of Studies
Male	3^*,^12,23,37
Non-White	3^12,24,34
Younger	2^†,12,37
Medicare beneficiary	2^‡,24,28
Severe cognitive Impairment	3^24,37,40
Anxiety	3^23,25,37
Depression	3^23,25,37
Aggressive behavior	3^25,37,39
PTSD	2^25,37
Other psychotic disorder	2^23,37
Greater functional status	2^§,24,25
Lower RN h	2^24,39
For profit	2^23,24
Presence of/admission to SCU	2^‖,24,25

ADL, activities of daily living scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.

One study found the opposite, that female individuals had higher APM use.²⁴

^†

One study found the opposite, that older patients had higher APM use.²⁴

^‡

One study found the opposite that Medicare beneficiaries received fewer APM prescriptions.²⁷

^§

One study found the opposite, that lower ADL score was associated with higher APM use.³⁷

^‖

One study found the opposite, that admission to SCU was associated with lower APM use.³³