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. 2022 Aug 15;42(6):932–939. doi: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20220815.004

Figure 1. SKN inhibits M1 macrophage polarization in the joints of CIA mice (via immunofluorescence, ×40) .

Figure 1

A, C: photomicrographs of iNOS+ M1 macrophage immunofluorescence stained synovial membrane tissues in knee joints of control, CIA, 4 mg/kg SKN-treated, and 0.5 mg/kg MTX-treated CIA mice are shown, respectively;the timing of the dosage for 23 d from day 21 after primary immunization. A1-A3: the F4/80+ cells, iNOS+ cells, iNOS+ F4/80+ cells in control group; A4-A5: the F4/80+ cells, iNOS+ cells, iNOS+ F4/80+ cells in CIA group; A6-A9: the F4/80+ cells, iNOS+ cells, iNOS+ F4/80+ cells in SKN group; A10-A12: the the F4/80+ cells, iNOS+ cells, iNOS+ F4/80+ cells in MTX group; B, C: photomicrographs of CD68+ M1 macrophage immunofluorescence-stained ankle joints of control, CIA, SKN-treated, and MTX-treated CIA mice are shown, respectively. B1-B3: the F4/80+ cells, CD68+ cells, CD68+ F4/80+ cells in control group; B4-B5: the F4/80+ cells, CD68+ cells, CD68+ F4/80+ cells in CIA group; B6-B9: the F4/80+ cells, CD68+ cells, CD68+ F4/80+ cells in SKN group; B10-B12: the the F4/80+ cells, CD68+ cells, CD68+ F4/80+ cells in MTX group. All data are present as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 6). aP < 0.001, compared to the control group; bP < 0.01, and cP < 0.05, compared to the CIA group. SKN: shikonin; CIA: collagen-induced arthritis; iNOS: nitric oxide synthase; MTX: methotrexate.