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. 2023 Apr 14;14:2124. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37773-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Set-up of the study. b Infectious viral loads in the lungs of hamsters that were treated with vehicle or nirmatrelvir (Nirm) at 200 mg/kg (BID) and infected with 10⁴ TCID₅₀ of either the wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 isolate (USA-WA1/2020) or the 3CLpro (L50F-E166A-L167F) nirmatrelvir resistant (3CLpro^res) virus at day 4 post-infection (pi) are expressed as log₁₀ TCID₅₀ per mg lung tissue. Individual data and median values are presented. c Cumulative severity score at day 4 p.i. from H&E stained slides of lungs from hamsters treated with either vehicle or nirmatrelvir (Nirm) and infected with either the WT SARS-CoV-2 isolate or 3CLpro^res virus. Individual data and median values are presented; the dotted line represents the median score of untreated non-infected hamsters. d Weight change at day 4 pi in percentage, normalized to the body weight at the time of infection. Bars represent means ± SD. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis test, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns = non-significant. Data presented are from 2-independent studies with a total n = 12 per vehicle-treated groups and n = 11 for the nirmatrelvir-treated groups. Panel (a) designed by Biorender.