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. 2023 Apr 13;13:6064. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33350-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Samples with different levels of stability, with image insets showing examples of water dispersions just after sonication (top), after 24 h (middle), and after 30 days of storing (bottom) (a). Correlation between O/C ratio, lateral size, flake thickness, and the GOs’ water stability, grouping the sample by stability from 1 to 5 (details in SI, Sect. 15) (b). Correlation between O/C ratio, total residue, and sheet resistivity, grouping the samples by film formation ability where group 1 gather samples that form films with high resistivity, group 2 form films with decreasing resistivity and group 3 does not form films (c).