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. 2023 Apr 13;13:6023. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33245-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Multivariable analysis showing odds of disease severity of interest for female versus male in 10-year age increments: (A) symptom presence, (B) cavitary disease, (C) bilateral disease, and (D) AFB smear positivity. We assessed the odds of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis for females compared with males as a reference in every age category. The multivariable model was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, current smoking status, heavy alcohol intake, and the presence of comorbidities. OR odds ratio.