Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of enrolled participants with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis stratified by sex.
| Variables | Pulmonary tuberculosis | Extrapulmonary tuberculosis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 4636) | Male (n = 2898) | Female (n = 1738) | P-value | Total (n = 1321) | Male (n = 669) | Female (n = 652) | P-value | |
| Age, years | 58.8 ± 19.6 | 57.8 ± 17.9 | 60.5 ± 22.0 | < 0.001 | 54.8 ± 20.5 | 54.1 ± 20.1 | 55.4 ± 20.9 | 0.254 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.3 ± 3.4 | 21.4 ± 3.3 | 21.1 ± 3.4 | 0.038 | 22.7 ± 3.6 | 23.1 ± 3.4 | 22.4 ± 3.7 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Current smoker | 1016 (21.9) | 948 (32.7) | 68 (3.9) | 166 (12.6) | 149 (22.3) | 17 (2.6) | ||
| Drinking status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Heavy drinker | 312 (7.6) | 294 (11.5) | 18 (1.2) | 48 (4.2) | 44 (7.7) | 4 (0.7) | ||
| Comorbidity | 0.084 | 0.010 | ||||||
| Yes | 2738 (59.1) | 1740 (60.1) | 998 (57.5) | 721 (54.6) | 389 (58.1) | 332 (50.9) | ||
| Types of comorbidities | ||||||||
| Diabetes | 956 (20.6) | 652 (22.5) | 304 (17.5) | < 0.001 | 210 (15.9) | 125 (18.7) | 85 (13.0) | 0.006 |
| Chronic lung disease | 238 (5.1) | 164 (5.7) | 74 (4.3) | 0.043 | 39 (3.0) | 30 (4.5) | 9 (1.4) | 0.002 |
| Chronic heart disease | 221 (4.8) | 138 (4.8) | 83 (4.8) | > 0.999 | 63 (4.8) | 38 (5.7) | 25 (3.8) | 0.149 |
| Chronic liver disease | 96 (2.1) | 75 (2.6) | 21 (1.2) | 0.002 | 31 (2.3) | 22 (3.3) | 9 (1.4) | 0.035 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 130 (2.8) | 91 (3.1) | 39 (2.2) | 0.090 | 68 (5.1) | 47 (7.0) | 21 (3.2) | 0.003 |
| Chronic brain disease | 396 (8.5) | 207 (7.1) | 189 (10.9) | < 0.001 | 118 (8.9) | 63 (9.4) | 55 (8.4) | 0.597 |
| Malignancy | 456 (9.8) | 341 (11.8) | 115 (6.6) | < 0.001 | 116 (8.8) | 63 (9.4) | 53 (8.1) | 0.465 |
| Autoimmune disease | 53 (1.1) | 27 (0.9) | 26 (1.5) | 0.108 | 14 (1.1) | 6 (0.9) | 8 (1.2) | 0.751 |
| Initial presenting symptoms | 0.851 | 0.004 | ||||||
| Yes | 2580 (65.5) | 1663 (65.4) | 917 (65.6) | 952 (72.1) | 506 (75.6) | 446 (68.4) | ||
| Chest radiograph findings | ||||||||
| Cavitation | 869 (19.2) | 651 (23.0) | 218 (12.9) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Bilateral infiltrations | 1435 (32.7) | 955 (34.6) | 480 (29.5) | 0.001 | ||||
| Sputum AFB test results | ||||||||
| AFB smear positivity | 1182 (29.3) | 793 (31.0) | 389 (26.3) | 0.002 | ||||
| AFB culture positivity | 2422 (60.9) | 1538 (61.0) | 884 (60.8) | 0.902 | ||||
AFB acid-fast bacilli.