Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients included in the study (29 patients)
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Age [years] | 33 ± 22 |
| Gender: male | 21 (72%) |
| Gender: female | 8 (28%) |
| GCS | 7 ± 3 |
| GCS: mild TBI (13–15) | 0 |
| GCS: moderate TBI (9–12) | 3 (10%) |
| GCS: severe TBI (8 or less) | 26 (90%) |
| Craniotomy | 1 (3%) |
| EVD or CSF drainage | 1 (3%) |
| Evacuation of epidural and subdural hematomas | 5 (17%) |
| Marshall scale | 3 ± 3 |
| Rotterdam scale | 4 ± 3 |
| Pupil anisocoria | 9 (31%) |
| Pupils non-reactive | 7 (24%) |
| Subdural hematoma | 11 (38%) |
| Epidural hematoma | 4 (14%) |
| Cerebral hematoma | 7 (24%) |
| Edema/cerebral contusion | 16 (55%) |
| Axonal trauma | 4 (14%) |
| SAH | 8 (28%) |
| Isolated head trauma | 9 (31%) |
| GOS | 3 ± 1 |
| GOS: grade 1 | 8 (28%) |
| GOS: grade 2 | 0 |
| GOS: grade 3 | 5 (17%) |
| GOS: grade 4 | 12 (41%) |
| GOS: grade 5 | 4 (14%) |
| 30-day mortality | 8 (28%) |
EVD external ventricular drainage, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, GOS Glasgow Outcome Scale
Data are presented as median ± interquartile range or as the number of patients (% of the total group)