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. 2023 Apr 13;14:2094. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37832-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a The proliferation of HUVECs treated with different EVs was detected by MTS under normal culture conditions (n = 3, biological replicates per group). b 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) proliferation experiments of HUVECs treated with different EVs under glucose and oxygen deprivation (OGD). c Quantitative analysis of the EdU proliferation assay (n = 3, biological replicates per group). d PKH-26-labeled EVs (red fluorescence) were cocultured with HUVECs for 12 h, and phalloidin (green fluorescence) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, blue fluorescence) were used to label the cytoskeleton and nucleus, respectively, (n = 3, biological replicates per group), scale bar = 25 μm. e, f Wound healing assays (e) (scale bar = 150 μm) and Transwell experiments (f) (scale bar = 100 μm) of HUVECs treated with different EVs under glucose and oxygen deprivation. g Quantitative analysis of the wound healing assay and Transwell assay (n = 3, biological replicates per group). h Tube formation experiments of HUVECs treated with different EVs under glucose and oxygen deprivation, scale bar = 150 μm. i Quantitative analysis of tube formation experiments (n = 3, biological replicates per group). j Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) experiments of HUVECs treated with different EVs under glucose and oxygen deprivation, scale bar = 200 μm. k Quantitative analysis of the TUNEL assay. l qRT‒PCR detection of VEGFA, bFGF, IGF-1, eNOS, and SDF-1 gene expression in HUVECs treated with different EVs under glucose and oxygen deprivation (n = 3, biological replicates per group). m, n The expression and quantitative analysis of the VEGFA, eNOS, and SDF-1 proteins in HUVECs treated with different EVs under glucose and oxygen deprivation (n = 3, biological replicates per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. OGD; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs. CS-EPC-EVs. Data are presented as the mean ± standard. Two-tailed Student’s t-test was used to compare the differences between two groups. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests were used to compare differences among more than two groups. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Each experiment was repeated 3 times or more independently with similar results.