TABLE 3.
The association between composite dietary antioxidant index (Components) and handgrip strength.
| Model I | Model II | Model III | |
| β (95%CI) P-value | β (95%CI) P-value | β (95%CI) P-value | |
| Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (Components) | |||
| Vitamin A | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) < 0.001 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.435 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.004) 0.426 |
| Vitamin C | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.002 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.126 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.142 |
| Vitamin E | 0.021 (0.017,0.026) < 0.0001 | 0.004 (0.002, 0.007) 0.006 | 0.004 (0.002, 0.007) 0.006 |
| Zinc | 0.036 (0.032,0.040) < 0.0001 | 0.007 (0.004, 0.009) < 0.0001 | 0.007 (0.004, 0.009) < 0.001 |
| Selenium | 0.004 (0.003,0.004) < 0.0001 | 0.001 (0.000, 0.001) < 0.001 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) < 0.001 |
| Carotenoid | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) < 0.001 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.761 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.741 |
| Stratified by Sex | |||
| Male | |||
| Vitamin A | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.108 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.337 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.343 |
| Vitamin C | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.104 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.053 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.060 |
| Vitamin E | 0.01 (0.005,0.015) < 0.001 | 0.005 (0.002, 0.009) 0.009 | 0.005 (0.002, 0.009) 0.011 |
| Zinc | 0.011 (0.006,0.016) < 0.0001 | 0.007 (0.004, 0.011) < 0.001 | 0.007 (0.004, 0.011) 0.001 |
| Selenium | 0.001 (0.001,0.002) < 0.0001 | 0.001 (0.000, 0.001) 0.002 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.004 |
| Carotenoid | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.389 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.688 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.658 |
| Female | |||
| Vitamin A | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.181 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.722 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) 0.763 |
| Vitamin C | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.016 | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.864 | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.828 |
| Vitamin E | 0.007 (0.001,0.013) 0.022 | 0.002 (−0.001, 0.005) 0.155 | 0.002 (−0.001, 0.005) 0.202 |
| Zinc | 0.008 (0.003,0.014) 0.004 | 0.004 (0.001, 0.008) 0.008 | 0.005 (0.001, 0.008) 0.008 |
| Selenium | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.017 | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.067 | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.062 |
| Carotenoid | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.002 | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.836 | 0.001 (0.001,0.001) 0.816 |
Model I (Crude): unadjusted for covariates; Model II: adjusted for gender, age, race, BMI, education level, PIR, smoking status, alcohol status, sedentary time and physical activity level; Model III: adjusted for gender, age, race, BMI, education level, PIR, smoking status, alcohol status, sedentary time, physical activity level, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were adjusted. P < 0.05 was set as the threshold of statistical significance and marked in bold values.