Table 4.
Problems identified | References |
---|---|
Lower estrus detection rates. | Collier et al. (84) |
Reduction in the size of the ovarian follicle. | Wilson et al. (85), Schüller et al. (86) |
Altered follicular fluid composition combined with abnormal concentrations of ovarian steroids. | Alves et al. (87), Roth and Wolfenson (88) |
Relative location, morphology, and function of ooplasmic organelles (especially mitochondria) are altered by heat stress, and these changes are especially apparent in oocytes of Bos taurus taurus origin. | Silva et al. (89), Maya-Soriano et al. (90) |
Transient effects up to 50 days after exposure to heat stress. | Lussier et al. (91), Roth et al. (92) |
Decreased sperm concentration and motility and increased morphological abnormalities. | Malama et al. (93), Sabés-Alsina et al. (94), Rahman et al. (95) |
Abnormal condensation of chromatin in sperm. | Rahman et al. (95), Lúcio et al. (96) |
Early embryonic death. | Ealy et al. (42), Edwards and Hansen (97) |
Source: Adapted from Negrón-Pérez et al. (98).