Table 1.
Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics in training and validation sets.
| Variables | All patients (N = 571) |
Training set (N=406) |
Validation set (N=165) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) , median [IQR] | 59 [50–65] | 58 [50–65] | 60.0 [52–66] | 0.213 |
| Sex | 0.814 | |||
| Male | 283 (49.6%) | 203 (50.0%) | 80 (48.5%) | |
| Female | 288 (50.4%) | 203 (50.0%) | 85 (51.5%) | |
| Tumor size (cm) , median [IQR] | 5.6 [4.0–7.7] | 5.7 [4.2–8.0] | 5.6 [4.0–7.5] | 0.615 |
| Tumor number | 0.678 | |||
| Single | 417 (73.0%) | 299 (73.6%) | 118 (71.5%) | |
| Multiple | 154 (27.0%) | 107 (26.4%) | 47 (28.5%) | |
| Grade | 0.827 | |||
| III | 382 (66.9%) | 270 (66.5%) | 112 (67.9%) | |
| I-II | 189 (33.1%) | 136 (33.5%) | 53 (32.1%) | |
| Hepatolithiasis | 0.729 | |||
| No | 467 (81.8%) | 334 (82.3%) | 133 (80.6%) | |
| Yes | 104 (18.2%) | 72 (17.7%) | 32 (19.4%) | |
| Perineural invasion | 0.842 | |||
| No | 482 (84.4%) | 344 (84.7%) | 138 (83.6%) | |
| Yes | 89 (15.6%) | 62 (15.3%) | 27 (16.4%) | |
| Microvascular invasion | 0.210 | |||
| No | 511 (89.5%) | 368 (90.6%) | 143 (86.7%) | |
| Yes | 60 (10.5%) | 38 (9.36%) | 22 (13.3%) | |
| Biliary invasion | 0.311 | |||
| No | 509 (89.1%) | 358 (88.2%) | 151 (91.5%) | |
| Yes | 62 (10.9%) | 48 (11.8%) | 14 (8.48%) | |
| Lymph node metastasis | 0.652 | |||
| No | 434 (76.0%) | 306 (75.4%) | 128 (77.6%) | |
| Yes | 137 (24.0%) | 100 (24.6%) | 37 (22.4%) | |
| CA19–9 | 0.020 | |||
| ≥37 U/ml | 349 (61.1%) | 235 (57.9%) | 114 (69.1%) | |
| <37 U/ml | 222 (38.9%) | 171 (42.1%) | 51 (30.9%) | |
| TNM stage | ||||
| I–II | 161 (28.2%) | 115 (28.3%) | 46 (27.9%) | 0.996 |
| III | 410 (71.8%) | 291 (71.7%) | 119 (72.1%) | |
| CONUT score | 0.819 | |||
| <3 | 257 (45.0%) | 181 (44.6%) | 76 (46.1%) | |
| ≥3 | 314 (55.0%) | 225 (55.4%) | 89 (53.9%) | |
| ALBI grade | 0.128 | |||
| 1 | 449 (78.6%) | 312 (76.8%) | 137 (83.0%) | |
| 2–3 | 122 (21.4%) | 94 (23.2%) | 28 (17.0%) | |
| ALT (IU/L) , median [IQR] | 25 [16–41] | 26 [17–41] | 23 [16–39] | 0.344 |
| AST (IU/L) , median [IQR] | 29 [22–38] | 29 [23–38] | 29 [21–38] | 0.485 |
| AAPR, median [IQR] | 0.38 [0.27–0.51] | 0.38 [0.26–0.52] | 0.37 [0.29–0.51] | 0.862 |
| AGR, median [IQR] | 1.51 [1.30–1.70] | 1.50 [1.27–1.68] | 1.53 [1.37–1.75] | 0.032 |
| FIB (g/L), median [IQR] | 3.22 [2.56–3.93] | 3.22 [2.55–3.95] | 3.23 [2.70–3.89] | 0.997 |
| Glu (mmol/L), median [IQR] | 5.13 [4.66–5.80] | 5.09 [4.66–5.68] | 5.22 [4.70–5.87] | 0.263 |
| GAR, median [IQR] | 1.68 [0.81–3.67] | 1.62 [0.80–3.43] | 1.78 [0.83–4.53] | 0.233 |
| GGT (IU/L) , median [IQR] | 71 [35–146] | 68 [34–138] | 81 [36–174] | 0.152 |
| NLR, median [IQR] | 2.72 [1.95–3.93] | 2.73 [1.95–3.84] | 2.64 [1.96–3.94] | 0.941 |
| PLR, median [IQR] | 111 [82–152] | 113 [83–152] | 107 [80–150] | 0.806 |
| PNI, median [IQR] | 50.8 [46.9–53.4] | 50.5 [46.8–53.1] | 51.0 [47.2–53.8] | 0.171 |
| SII, median [IQR] | 451 [288–749] | 448 [289–746] | 487 [291–755] | 0.582 |
IQR, interquartile ranges; ALBI, albumin–bilirubin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AAPR, album-alkaline phosphatase ratio; AGR, albumin-to-globulin ratio; CA19-9, cancer antigen 19-9; CONUT score, controlling nutritional status score; FIB, fibrinogen; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; GAR, gamma-glutamyl transferase to albumin ratio; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index.