TABLE 1.

The main function of PUFAs.

Main functions	Physiological function
Circulatory System
Regulate Blood Lipids	Lower blood pressure (Paschos et al., 2007; Hashimoto et al., 2020) and have protective effect on the heart (Rajaram, 2014).
Antithrombotic	Reduce the risk of some coronary heart disease and cerebral ischemia (Winnik et al., 2011; Stivala et al., 2013; Rajaram, 2014), reduce the risk of atherosclerosis (Varin et al., 2015), and effectively prevent and treat thrombotic diseases (Yamashita et al., 2005; Golanski et al., 2021).
Effects On Insulin Resistance	ALA intake was inversely associated with insulin resistance, whereas DHA combined with EPA was not (Muramatsu et al., 2010). ALA helps control blood sugar in type II diabetic rats (Rajaram, 2014; Mejía-Zepeda and Pérez-Hernández, 2020).
Immune System
Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Autoimmune & Anti-Allergic	Treating and preventing allergic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and pollen allergy (James et al., 2000; Calder, 2002). Inhibiting the body’s allergic reaction (Boskabady et al., 2019; Kaveh et al., 2019), restoring and improving immunity are important treatments against inflammation (Winnik et al., 2011; Kaveh et al., 2019). Positive effect in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease and inflammation of the liver (Wang M et al., 2019).
Antitumor	Inhibits the growth and metastasis of breast cancer (Corsetto et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2014).
Nervous System
Central Nervous System	Constitute brain nerve cells, retinal and other tissue cells (Abedin et al., 1999).
	Promote the synthesis of proteins and certain neurotransmitter substances in the brain, and play an important role in the growth of brain nerve cells and neurotransmitter synapses (Jeffrey et al., 2002a; Jeffrey et al., 2002b).
	Promote the development of the nervous and visual system of infants and young children (Guesnet and Alessandri, 2011; Muhlhausler et al., 2018), and promote the formation of vision (Youdim et al., 2000; Mizukami et al., 2018).
	It has an effect on maintaining and improving learning and memory ability (Umezawa et al., 1999; Petursdottir et al., 2008; de Souza et al., 2011).
Visual System	An important structural lipid component of retinal tissue (Salem Jr et al., 1986), which helps maintain good vision (Neuringer et al., 1986). Lack of DHA, the vision is greatly reduced in the late growth period (Bell et al., 1995).
Alzheimer’s Disease	For Alzheimer’s dementia, PUFAs can normalize brain tissue in the state of DHA deficiency, and the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA can improve the immune response in the brain (Swanson et al., 2012; Devassy et al., 2016; Fonteh et al., 2020).