Table 3.

Strengths and limitations of prolonged KRT

Strengths	Limitations
PIKRT can be used as a substitute for CKRT or intermittent HD PIKRT can be used as transition therapy from CKRT to intermittent HD as hemodynamic status improves Nocturnal PIKRT allows for machine-free time daily for early mobilization and procedures PIKRT is cost-effective compared with CKRT and intermittent HD Unlike intermittent HD in the ICU, one-on-one dialysis nursing support may not be required, depending on type of PIKRT	PIKRT prescriptions vary widely and no guidelines have established the appropriate dosing regimen or frequency
	PIKRT with intermittent HD equipment as a substitute for CKRT may lead to low-level endotoxin exposure, with resultant inflammation and oxidative stress
	Medication dosing varies significantly on the basis of equipment and flow rates and, therefore, there is risk for underdosing and overdosing of various drugs, especially antibiotics There is higher risk for hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia compared with intermittent HD
PIKRT can be performed without anticoagulation, with less risk for filter clotting when compared with CKRT
PIKRT allows for utilization of one CKRT machine for up to three patients per day

PIKRT, prolonged intermittent KRT; CKRT, continuous KRT; HD, hemodialysis; ICU, intensive care unit.