Table 2.
Characteristics of the NSAID and APAP groups after standardized mortality ratio weighting (Pseudopopulation)
| Characteristics | NSAID group (N = 13,994) |
APAP group (N = 14,704.5) |
SMD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean, (SD) | 56.91 (8.85) | 56.30 (66.67) | 0.013 |
| 40–49 years old | 3284 (23.47) | 3253.7 (22.13) | 0.032 |
| 50–59 years old | 5110 (36.52) | 6264.1 (42.60) | − 0.125 |
| 60–69 years old | 4189 (29.93) | 3563.0 (24.23) | 0.129 |
| 70–74 years old | 1411 (10.08) | 1623.8 (11.04) | − 0.031 |
| Female | 8678 (62.01) | 8565.4 (58.25) | 0.077 |
| Index year 2009 | 8 (0.06) | 6.9 (0.05) | 0.005 |
| Index year 2010 | 514 (3.67) | 599.8 (4.08) | − 0.021 |
| Index year 2011 | 1842 (13.16) | 1506.4 (10.25) | 0.091 |
| Index year 2012 | 2375 (16.97) | 3093.9 (21.04) | − 0.104 |
| Index year 2013 | 2004 (14.32) | 2050.3 (13.94) | 0.011 |
| Index year 2014 | 2262 (16.16) | 2563.5 (17.43) | − 0.034 |
| Index year 2015 | 2109 (15.07) | 2333.4 (15.87) | − 0.022 |
| Index year 2016 | 1855 (13.26) | 1597.4 (10.86) | 0.074 |
| Index year 2017 | 1011 (7.22) | 952.9 (6.48) | 0.029 |
| Index year 2018 | 14 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0.045 |
| NSAIDs (oral) | 6003 (42.90) | 6800.2 (46.25) | − 0.067 |
| APAP (oral) | 1232 (8.80) | 1078.9 (7.34) | 0.054 |
| NSAIDs (suppository) | 210 (1.50) | 17.4 (0.12) | 0.155 |
| NSAIDs (injection) | 72 (0.51) | 190.6 (1.30) | − 0.083 |
| APAP (suppository) | 12 (0.09) | 8.0 (0.05) | 0.012 |
| APAP (injection) | 25 (0.18) | 7.7 (0.05) | 0.037 |
| Extract from inflammatory rabbit skin inoculated by vaccinia virus (oral) | 119 (0.85) | 46.7 (0.32) | 0.070 |
| Duloxetine | 25 (0.18) | 0 (0) | 0.060 |
| Strong opioid (oral) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | − |
| Strong opioid (injection) | 297 (2.12) | 393.5 (2.68) | − 0.036 |
| Strong opioid (topical) | 3 (0.02) | 0 (0) | 0.021 |
| Weak opioid (oral) | 293 (2.09) | 60.0 (0.41) | 0.152 |
| Weak opioid (injection) | 3 (0.02) | 0 (0) | 0.021 |
| Hyaluronic acid (injection) | 188 (1.34) | 70.8 (0.48) | 0.091 |
| Chondroitin (injection) | 52 (0.37) | 0 (0) | 0.086 |
| Corticosteroid (injection) | 1360 (9.72) | 1002.9 (6.82) | 0.105 |
| NSAIDs (topical) | 4236 (30.27) | 3798.3 (25.83) | 0.099 |
| Other anti-inflammatory analgesics (topical) | 124 (0.89) | 34.5 (0.24) | 0.087 |
| Obesity | 290 (2.07) | 164.1 (1.12) | 0.076 |
| Crystal-induced arthritis | 824 (5.89) | 904.3 (6.15) | − 0.011 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1788 (12.78) | 1393.5 (9.48) | 0.105 |
| Cancer | 1639 (11.71) | 1673.4 (11.38) | 0.010 |
| Arrhythmia | 1580 (11.29) | 1629.9 (11.09) | 0.007 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 175 (1.25) | 127.2 (0.87) | 0.038 |
| Hypertension | 6904 (49.34) | 6637.1 (45.14) | 0.084 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1822 (13.02) | 1982.2 (13.48) | − 0.014 |
| Valvular disease | 579 (4.14) | 724.7 (4.93) | − 0.038 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 6819 (48.73) | 7238.4 (49.23) | − 0.010 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4412 (31.53) | 3881.5 (26.40) | 0.113 |
| Heart failure | 1048 (7.49) | 1226.7 (8.34) | − 0.032 |
| Osteoporosis | 1394 (9.96) | 1304.5 (8.87) | 0.037 |
| Hydrarthrosis | 70 (0.50) | 39.0 (0.27) | 0.038 |
| Sepsis | 46 (0.33) | 34.6 (0.24) | 0.018 |
| Infectious arthropathies | 19 (0.14) | 11.9 (0.08) | 0.017 |
| Osteomyelitis | 23 (0.16) | 31.4 (0.21) | − 0.011 |
| Platelet dysfunction/thrombocytopenia | 195 (1.39) | 116.0 (0.79) | 0.058 |
| Depression | 1627 (11.63) | 1849.0 (12.57) | − 0.029 |
| Anxiety disorder | 1490 (10.65) | 1568.6 (10.67) | − 0.001 |
| Migraine | 812 (5.80) | 979.3 (6.66) | − 0.035 |
| Musculoskeletal rehabilitation | 1231 (8.80) | 1129.7 (7.68) | 0.041 |
| Orthotic treatment | 189 (1.35) | 35.5 (0.24) | 0.125 |
All data are shown as n (%) unless specified
APAP N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (acetaminophen), NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, SD standard deviation, SMD standardized mean difference