. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Health Psychol. 2021 May 18;27(9):2013–2026. doi: 10.1177/13591053211014583

Table 3.

Comparison of clinically depressed and non-depressed participants.

	Depressed		Non-depressed		n	t
	(CES-D ⩾ 16)		(CES-D < 16)
	(n = 102)		(n = 23)
	M	SD	M	SD
Stigma	24.08	6.34	18.50	6.57	76	2.96^**
Loneliness	7.32	1.47	5.14	1.66	76	4.90^***
Disease-specific stressors	48.26	10.46	34.00	10.05	68	4.17^***
Illness intrusiveness	81.11	11.59	66.21	15.01	76	4.11^***
Optimism	17.05	4.69	21.64	4.07	76	−3.38^**
Self-efficacy	20.60	10.69	28.09	11.53	68	−2.10^*
Social support^a	62.35	17.82	77.21	12.88	104	−4.21^**
Age^a	38.97	10.68	47.68	18.04	106	−2.03^*

Levene’s test for equality of variance indicated unequal variances between groups, so adjusted degrees of freedom were used.

p < 0.05.

^**

p < 0.01.

^***

p < 0.001.