Table 2.
Predictors of hospitalization for COVID-19 (n = 1593); Michigan COVID-19 Recovery Surveillance Study (COVID-19 onset before November 16, 2020)
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | |
| Race and ethnicity by income | ||||
| Low-income Non-Hispanic Black | 3.41 | (2.45, 4.74) | 1.86 | (1.36, 2.54) |
| High-income Non-Hispanic Black | 3.23 | (2.15, 4.84) | 1.57 | (1.07, 2.31) |
| Low-income Hispanic | 1.34 | (0.76, 2.35) | 1.25 | (0.75, 2.11) |
| High-income Hispanic | 0.91 | (0.33, 2.48) | 0.96 | (0.35, 2.61) |
| Low-income Non-Hispanic White | 1.59 | (1.13, 2.23) | 1.52 | (1.12, 2.07) |
| High-income Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 | –- | 1.00 | –- |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.26 | (0.98, 1.62) | 1.36 | (1.09, 1.70) |
| Female | 1.00 | –- | 1.00 | –- |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–34 | 1.00 | –- | 1.00 | –- |
| 35–44 | 2.90 | (1.42, 5.93) | 2.21 | (1.10, 4.46) |
| 45–54 | 4.75 | (2.49, 9.06) | 3.24 | (1.71, 6.16) |
| 55–64 | 8.68 | (4.76, 15.83) | 5.41 | (2.97, 9.85) |
| 65 + | 12.65 | (7.06, 22.65) | 7.67 | (4.23, 13.90) |
| COVID-19 onset (sample) | ||||
| Sample 1: On or before April 15, 2020 | 7.18 | (4.17, 12.34) | 4.65 | (2.72, 7.94) |
| Sample 2: Between April 16 and May 31, 2020 | 3.27 | (1.73, 6.18) | 2.75 | (1.47, 5.13) |
| Sample 3: Between June 1 and July 31, 2020 | 1.10 | (0.51, 2.35) | 1.18 | (0.57, 2.46) |
| Sample 4: Between August 1 and September 30, 2020 | 1.05 | (0.49, 2.25) | 1.16 | (0.56, 2.40) |
| Sample 5: Between October 1 and November 15, 2020 | 1.00 | –- | 1.00 | –- |
| Survey mode | ||||
| Phone | 2.69 | (2.01, 3.60) | 1.42 | (1.08, 1.88) |
| Online | 1.00 | –- | 1.00 | –- |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; PR, prevalence ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval