Table 1.

Description of verbal and visual RI tasks cited in this review.

TASK	SOURCE	TYPE OF RI	STIMULI (EXAMPLES)	DESCRIPTION	MAIN EFFECTS	DOMAINS
Stroop	Stroop (1935), Parris et al. (2022)	Interference caused by conflict between font color and word reading		Naming of the color font as quickly as possible	Increased naming latencies in the incongruent condition (CARD C) compared to the congruent condition	Verbal
Verbal Go/No-Go		Interference between target and non-target stimulus status		Pressing a key as quickly as possible for a specific word/letter/semantic category (Go condition) and ignore all other stimuli (No-Go condition))	More commission errors and slower response times for No-Go trials	Verbal
Negative-priming task	Tipper (1985), (2001); Tipper & Cranston (1985); Tipper & Driver (1988)	Interference caused by the change of stimulus status: a distractor stimulus becomes a target stimulus		Naming objects in orange font as quickly as possible	Increased reaction times and error rates for a target that had to be ignored in a previous trial	Semantic
Semantic blocked cyclic naming	Schnur et al. (2006); Schnur et al. (2009)	Build-up of semantic interference		Naming the pictures as quickly as possible	Slower response times and increased error rates when the repeatedly presented objects are from the same semantic category	Semantic
Phonological blocked cyclic naming	Damian, 2003; Hodgson et al., 2005	Build-up of phonological interference		Naming the pictures as quickly as possible	Slower response times and increased error rates when the repeatedly presented objects are phonologically similarly	Phonological
Picture-Word Interference	Glaser & Düngelhoff (1984)	Build-up of phonological and/or semantic interference		Naming the pictures as quickly and accurately as possible while ignoring the superimposed words	Slower response times and increased error rates for related distractor	Verbal
Similarity-Judgement Task	Attout et al. (2022), Snyder et al. (2007)	Build-up of phonological and/or semantic interference		Choosing which word at the bottom of the screen is most similar to the two words at the top of the screen, as quickly and accurately as possible.	Slower response times and increased error rates in the high control conditions as the prime word induced interference.	Verbal
Dual-Interference Task	Pashler (1994)	Build-up of verbal or visual interference		Concurrently and alternatively process two types of information. The tested condition (here, verbal) can be cued or uncued.	Increased error rates and longer reaction time in the tested condition (here, verbal)	Verbal and/or Visual
Flanker task	Eriksen & Eriksen (1974)	Response interference		Pressing of a response button according to a predefined response setup. This target can be flanked by a stimulus requiring the same or a different response as the target.	Increased reaction times if target is flanked by an item requiring a different response (interference) and reduced reaction times if target is flanked by an item requiring the same response (facilitation)	Verbal
						Visual
Visual Go/No-Go		Resist to a visual stimulus		Participants have to press a key as quickly for target symbols (e.g.,Ï), (Go condition), and ignore all other stimuli (No-Go condition).	More commission errors and slower response times for No-Go trials	Visual
Antisaccade	Adapted from Noorani (2014)	Resist to visual stimulus		Participants have to fixate a central stimulus and keep fixating the stimulus (green dot). Next a target (the cross) appears to the left, or the right of the dot and participants have to make an eye saccade to the opposite side (=antisaccade).	More errors/slower eye movements for antisaccade trials	Visual