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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biling (Camb Engl). 2022 Aug 18;26(2):268–283. doi: 10.1017/s1366728922000517

Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics and Correlations Between Language and Literacy Measures

M SD Range 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. Age 7.39 1.06 5–9 -
2. Vocabularya 112.75 15.66 85–160 .64 -
3. Phonological awarenessb 11.26 2.71 3–20 .43 .42 -
4. Single word readinga 110.58 16.49 66–145 .61 .52 .70 -
5. Reading comprehensiona 105.23 13.55 64–140 .61 .50 .65 .87 -
6. Total ELMM (N = 40) 24.79 9.40 0–39 .65 .66 .59 .69 .71 -
7. Early-acquired derivations 9.08 3.51 0–13 .61 .60 .66 .63 .66 .93 -
8. Early-acquired compounds 9.37 3.10 0–13 .56 .51 .50 .59 .60 .89 .76

Note.

a

Standard score with population mean of 100, SD = 15.

b

Scaled score with population mean of 10 (typical range: 8–12).

Correlations were conducted with raw scores. All correlations are significant at the p < 0.001 level (2-tailed).