TABLE 3.
Comparison of mean differences (95% confidence interval) for performance, physiological and perceptual measures between conditions matched for absolute humidity (left columns) or not (right columns)
| Matched absolute humidity, i.e., vs. Hot | Unmatched absolute humidity, i.e., vs. Hot Humid | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cool | Moderate | Cool | Moderate | |
| TT performance (min) |
✓ 2.2 (1.3, 3.2) |
✓ 1.4 (0.3, 2.5) |
✓ 3.6 (2.4, 4.8) |
✓ 2.7 (1.5, 3.9) |
| ΔT c (°C) |
χ 0.0 (−0.3, 0.3) |
χ 0.1 (−0.1, 0.3) |
χ 0.3 (−0.1, 0.6) |
✓ 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) |
| T sk (°C) |
✓ 10.0 (8.8, 10.9) |
✓ 4.2 (3.7, 4.6) |
✓ 10.0 (8.8, 11.0) |
✓ 4.2 (3.7, 4.8) |
| %HRmax (%) |
✓ 8.3 (5.1, 11.5) |
✓ 4.9 (0.4, 9.4) |
✓ 10.6 (6.5, 14.7) |
✓ 7.2 (3.4, 11.0) |
| Sweat rate (L/h) |
✓ 0.7 (0.4, 0.9) |
✓ 0.4 (0.2, 0.5) |
✓ 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) |
✓ 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) |
| MAP (mmHg) |
✓ 3.5 (−6.4, −0.6) |
χ −2.2 (−5.1, 0.8) |
✓ −5.4 (−8.8, −1.9) |
✓ −4.1 (−6.2, −1.9) |
| RPE |
✓ 1.4 (0.3, 2.5) |
χ 0.5 (−0.6, 1.6) |
✓ 3.0 (1.9, 4.0) |
✓ 2.1 (1.1, 3.1) |
| Thermal sensation |
✓ 3.2 (1.9, 4.4) |
✓ 1.0 (0.4, 1.7) |
✓ 4.0 (2.6, 5.5) |
✓ 1.9 (1.2, 2.6) |
| Thermal discomfort |
✓ 2.5 (1.4, 3.6) |
✓ 1.8 (0.8, 2.7) |
✓ 4.1 (2.7, 5.6) |
✓ 3.4 (2.0, 4.8) |
| Affect |
χ −0.9 (−2.9, 1.1) |
χ −0.5 (−1.7, 0.7) |
✓ −2.4 (−4.4, 0.4) |
✓ −2.0 (−3.3, −0.7) |
Mean differences presented as Hot – Cool and Moderate (matched absolute humidity) and Hot Humid – Cool and Moderate (unmatched absolute humidity). ✓ or χ denotes significant (P < 0.05) or insignificant (P > 0.05) difference, respectively, from Hot or Hot Humid at end of 45‐min fixed‐intensity (except for TT performance and sweat rate – different time periods). %HRmax, percentage of maximum heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RPE, rating of perceived exertion; ΔT c, change in core temperature; T sk, skin temperature; TT, time trial.