. 2023 Jan 9;108(3):518–530. doi: 10.1113/EP090813

TABLE 3.

Intracranial response to hypercapnia in premenopausal (PRE), early (E‐POST) and late (L‐POST) postmenopausal females.

Parameter

Measure (units)

PRE

E‐POST

L‐POST

ANOVA

P‐value

MCAv

Baseline (cm s⁻¹)

76.9 ± 12.9

71.4 ± 20.2

73.1 ± 12.7

0.745

Peak (cm s⁻¹)

102.3 ± 12.0

95.1 ± 20.4

101.4 ± 13.7

0.520

Change (cm s⁻¹)

25.4 ± 3.9

27.9 ± 14.4

28.3 ± 8.5

0.831

%Change

34.0 ± 8.9

37.0 ± 20.4

40.1 ± 14.1

0.726

MCAv CVRi

Baseline (mmHg cm⁻¹ s)

0.8 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.2

0.807

Peak (mmHg cm⁻¹ s)

1.0 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

0.835

Change (mmHg cm⁻¹ s)

0.2 ± 0.2

0.1 ± 0.2

0.915

%Change

26.7 ± 5.7

29.9 ± 10.6

28.0 ± 12.3

0.775

MCAv CVCi

Baseline (cm s⁻¹ mmHg⁻¹)

1.3 ± 0.2

1.5 ± 0.3

1.4 ± 0.3

0.716

Peak (cm s⁻¹ mmHg⁻¹)

1.6 ± 0.3

1.6 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.3

0.779

Change (cm s⁻¹ mmHg⁻¹)

0.2 ± 0.1

0.349

%Change

14.9 ± 12.9

10.9 ± 11.0

10.4 ± 11.4

0.689

MCAv PI

Baseline

0.7 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.4

0.8 ± 0.1

0.649

Peak

1.3 ± 1.1

1.1 ± 0.7

0.9 ± 0.1

0.580

Change

0.5 ± 1.1

0.2 ± 0.3

0.1 ± 0.1

0.349

%Change

20.2 ± 9.7

24.1 ± 13.6

15.3 ± 8.3

0.128

MCAv CVR

Relative (% mmHg⁻¹)

3.0 ± 0.9

4.1 ± 3.0

3.4 ± 1.2

0.442

Absolute (cm s⁻¹ mmHg⁻¹)

2.2 ± 0.4

2.8 ± 1.9

2.4 ± 0.7

0.595

PCAv

Baseline (cm s⁻¹)

49.3 ± 18.0

43.7 ± 10.8

45.1 ± 11.5

0.626

Peak (cm s⁻¹)

66.8 ± 18.7

55.8 ± 11.4

60.7 ± 15.3

0.256

Change (cm s⁻¹)

17.5 ± 3.8

12.7 ± 5.6

17.0 ± 6.7

0.090

%Change

27.0 ± 8.5

26.9 ± 9.1

27.8 ± 8.0

0.959

MAP

Baseline (mmHg)

96 ± 9

103 ± 13

106 ± 16

0.195

Peak (mmHg)

113 ± 13

118 ± 16

126 ± 138

0.097

Change (mmHg)

15 ± 9

15 ± 10

19 ± 7

0.551

%Change

17.4 ± 6.4

15.4 ± 9.6

20.5 ± 13.5

0.454

P_{ETC O_{2}}

Baseline (mmHg)

40.1 ± 4.2

43.0 ± 4.6

41.8 ± 5.0

0.330

Peak (mmHg)

51.6 ± 3.4

54.4 ± 5.5

53.7 ± 4.3

0.386

Change (mmHg)

11.6 ± 1.2

11.4 ± 3.6

11.5 ± 2.6

0.985

%Change

27.0 ± 8.5

26.9 ± 9.1

27.8 ± 8.0

0.442

Abbreviations: CVCi, cerebrovascular conductance index; CVR, cerebrovascular reactivity; CVRi, cerebrovascular resistance index; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MCAv, middle cerebral artery velocity; PCAv, posterior cerebral artery; $P_{ETC O_{2}}$ , end‐tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PI, pulsatility index.