Table 2.
Intake levels of dietary total vitamin A equivalents, carotenoids, and retinol in individual studies and the AMBER Consortium
| Quintiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study/vitamin A species | Total | Quintile 1 (low) | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 (high) |
| BWHS | ||||||
| Total vitamin A equivalents | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 1983/7896 | 418/1576 | 381/1580 | 385/1580 | 387/1580 | 412/1580 |
| Intake, μg RE/d | 989 (2.59–4743) | 374 (2.59–532) | 676 (>532–823) | 989 (>823–1173) | 1391 (>1173–1720) | 2305 (>1720–4743) |
| α-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 1958/7808 | 430/1557 | 385/1563 | 387/1562 | 371/1563 | 385/1563 |
| Intake, μg/d | 396 (0.01–3115) | 88.4 (0.01–160) | 235 (>160–310) | 399 (>310–497) | 694 (>497–944) | 1438 (945–3115) |
| β-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 1976/7860 | 400/1570 | 382/1572 | 418/1573 | 374/1572 | 402/1573 |
| Intake, μg/d | 2883 (0.72–15,244) | 943 (0.72–1435) | 1882 (>1435–2351) | 2885 (2352–3499) | 4318 (>3499–5410) | 7478 (5413–15,244) |
| β-Cryptoxanthin | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 1974/7864 | 392/1574 | 387/1574 | 398/1574 | 406/1571 | 391/1571 |
| Intake, μg/d | 112 (0.01–643) | 28 (0.01–45.4) | 65.1 (45.7–87.1) | 112 (>87.1–142) | 174 (>142–220) | 293 (>220–643) |
| Lutein | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 1950/7751 | 376/1547 | 391/1551 | 411/1551 | 397/1551 | 375/1551 |
| Intake, μg/d | 2099 (0.02–10,959) | 745 (0.02–1139) | 1440 (>1139–1757) | 2099 (>1757–2497) | 3041 (>2497–3916) | 5480 (3919–10,959) |
| WCHS | ||||||
| Total vitamin A equivalents | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 772/830 | 137/165 | 177/164 | 137/166 | 189/168 | 132/167 |
| Intake, μg RE/d | 1083 (28.4–17,419) | 430 (28.4–615) | 770 (>615–925) | 1077 (>925–1269) | 1560 (1273–1964) | 2754 (>1964–17,419) |
| α-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 772/830 | 143/166 | 135/166 | 160/165 | 165/166 | 169/167 |
| Intake, μg/d | 477 (5.40–8141) | 79.3 (5.40–144) | 228 (145–315) | 449 (317–600) | 852 (602–1165) | 1740 (1166–8141) |
| β-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 772/830 | 176/166 | 136/165 | 160/166 | 138/165 | 162/168 |
| Intake, μg/d | 3450 (67.2–37,333) | 1212 (67.2–1870) | 2329 (>1870–2864) | 3464 (2865–4224) | 5136 (4228–6282) | 8420 (6300–37,333) |
| β-Cryptoxanthin | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 772/830 | 139/166 | 153/166 | 139/166 | 163/166 | 178/166 |
| Intake, μg/d | 116.5 (0.43–1878) | 26.4 (0.43–45.4) | 66.7 (45.7–88.6) | 112 (88.8–146) | 194 (>146–246) | 347 (247–1878) |
| Lutein | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 772/830 | 196/166 | 149/166 | 150/166 | 154/166 | 123/166 |
| Intake, μg/d | 2299 (95.2–28,829) | 902 (95.2–1355) | 1680 (>1355–2002) | 2374 (2003–2834) | 3500 (2835–4385) | 6393 (4393–28,829) |
| Retinol | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 772/830 | 142/166 | 141/166 | 160/166 | 172/166 | 157/166 |
| Intake, μg/d | 351 (2.54–15,629) | 108 (2.54–171) | 228 (>171–279) | 341 (281–407) | 521 (408–695) | 1136 (698–15,629) |
| MEC | ||||||
| Total vitamin A equivalents | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 808/3113 | 160/622 | 163/622 | 174/622 | 159/623 | 152/624 |
| Intake, μg RE/d | 1204 (40.1–12,291) | 494 (40.1–678) | 846 (>678–1014) | 1207 (>1014–1460) | 1787 (1461–2182) | 2996 (>2182–12,291) |
| α-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 808/3113 | 156/623 | 161/622 | 163/623 | 164/622 | 164/623 |
| Intake, μg/d | 592 (2.03–13,662) | 163 (2.03–264) | 362 (>264–467) | 590 (>467–755) | 1069 (>755–1430) | 2359 (1432–13,662) |
| β-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 808/3113 | 149/623 | 182/622 | 143/623 | 161/623 | 173/622 |
| Intake, μg/d | 3882 (25.7–46,833) | 1340 (25.7–1957) | 2504 (1960–3162) | 3881 (3163–4691) | 6062 (4697–7687) | 11,197 (7691–46,833) |
| β-Cryptoxanthin | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 808/3112 | 182/622 | 160/622 | 169/623 | 148/622 | 159/623 |
| Intake, μg/d | 140 (0.01–6274) | 19.2 (0.01–39.1) | 68.6 (39.2–97.7) | 142 (97.8–187) | 251 (>187–358) | 687 (359–6274) |
| Lutein | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 808/3113 | 157/623 | 173/622 | 167/622 | 161/623 | 150/623 |
| Intake, μg/d | 2776 (32.1–35,383) | 1075 (32.1–1520) | 1907 (1521–2293) | 2786 (2297–3357) | 4102 (3359–5178) | 7332 (5202–35,383) |
| AMBER1 | ||||||
| Total vitamin A equivalents | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 3564/11,842 | 716/2367 | 721/2366 | 696/2368 | 735/2369 | 696/2372 |
| Intake, μg RE/d | 1048 (0.0–17,418) | 408 (0.0–678) | 725 (532–1014) | 1048 (822–1460) | 1500 (1173–2181) | 2525 (1720–17,418) |
| α-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 3564/11,843 | 731/2352 | 681/2351 | 710/2350 | 700/2351 | 742/2439 |
| Intake, μg/d | 444.7 (0.0–13,662) | 101 (0.0–264) | 260 (145–467) | 437 (310–755) | 781 (497–1430) | 1691 (945–13,662) |
| β-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 3556/11,806 | 725/2363 | 700/2358 | 721/2362 | 673/2360 | 737/2363 |
| Intake, μg/d | 3144 (0.0–46,833 | 1054 (0.0–1957) | 2069 (1435–3162) | 3141 (2352–4691) | 4739 (3499–7687) | 8489 (5413–46,833) |
| β-Cryptoxanthin | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 3555/11,813 | 714/2369 | 700/2362 | 696/2363 | 717/2359 | 728/2360 |
| Intake, μg/d | 117 (0.0–6274) | 25.3 (0.0–45.8) | 66 (39.2–97.7) | 116 (87.1–187) | 189 (142–358) | 356 (220–6274) |
| Lutein | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 3530/11,699 | 729/2341 | 713/2339 | 728/2339 | 712/2340 | 648/2340 |
| Intake, μg/d | 2266 (0.00–35,383) | 851 (0.00–1520) | 1578 (1139–2293) | 2273 (1757–3357) | 3367 (2497–5178) | 6062 (3919–35,383) |
Values are median (minimum-maximum) unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: AMBER, African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk; BWHS, Black Women's Health Study; MEC, Multiethnic Cohort Study; RE, retinol-equivalent; WCHS, Women's Circle of Health Study.
1
The intake ranges in AMBER may overlap between quintiles because of study-specific values.