Table 3.
Associations of dietary total vitamin A equivalents and carotenoids with ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer risk in AMBER
| Quintiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 (low) | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 (high) | P-trend | |
| ER-positive breast cancer vs. controls | ||||||
| Total vitamin A equivalents | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 311/2140 | 322/2160 | 317/2176 | 322/2200 | 305/2193 | |
| Pooled OR (95% CI)1 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.81–1.15) | 0.92 (0.77–1.10) | 0.89 (0.75–1.08) | 0.82 (0.67–1.00) | 0.045 |
| α-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 306/2134 | 287/2144 | 325/2159 | 320/2181 | 339/2252 | |
| Pooled OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.75–1.07) | 1.00 (0.85–1.19) | 0.97 (0.82–1.16) | 0.97 (0.82–1.17) | 0.85 |
| β-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 314/2146 | 297/2161 | 319/2159 | 310/2178 | 336/2192 | |
| Pooled OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 0.90 (0.75–1.07) | 0.95 (0.79–1.14) | 0.61 |
| β-Cryptoxanthin | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 296/2141 | 320/2173 | 315/2160 | 316/2180 | 329/2191 | |
| Pooled OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.87–1.23) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 0.99 |
| Lutein | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 307/2132 | 320/2135 | 331/2152 | 327/2147 | 283/2170 | |
| Pooled OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) | 0.97 (0.82–1.16) | 0.80 (0.66–0.96) | 0.034 |
| ER-negative breast cancer vs. controls | ||||||
| Total vitamin A equivalents | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 131/2140 | 149/2160 | 143/2176 | 150/2200 | 136/2193 | |
| Pooled OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.87–1.42) | 1.05 (0.82–1.36) | 1.08 (0.83–1.40) | 0.95 (0.71–1.27) | 0.71 |
| α-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 141/2134 | 138/2144 | 139/2159 | 156/2181 | 135/2252 | |
| Pooled OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | 0.98 (0.76–1.25) | 1.07 (0.84–1.37) | 0.89 (0.69–1.16) | 0.68 |
| β-Carotene | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 137/2146 | 154/2161 | 137/2159 | 131/2178 | 150/2192 | |
| Pooled OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.87–1.41) | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 0.95 (0.74–1.23) | 1.07 (0.82–1.40) | 0.93 |
| β-Cryptoxanthin | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 137/2141 | 136/2173 | 135/2160 | 139/2180 | 159/2191 | |
| Pooled OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.76–1.25) | 0.97 (0.76–1.25) | 1.02 (0.79–1.31) | 1.13 (0.88–1.46) | 0.32 |
| Lutein | ||||||
| Cases/Controls, n/N | 142/2132 | 139/2135 | 144/2152 | 135/2147 | 142/2170 | |
| Pooled OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.77–1.26) | 1.02 (0.79–1.30) | 0.96 (0.74–1.24) | 1.00 (0.76–1.30) | 0.92 |
AMBER, African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk; BWHS, Black Women's Health Study; ER, estrogen receptor; MEC, Multiethnic Cohort Study; WCHS, Women's Circle of Health Study.
1
Adjusted for age, education, BMI, family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, menopausal status, HT use, and duration of oral contraceptive use, smoking status, alcohol use, and total energy intake.