Table I:
Patients’ baseline characteristics.
| None (n=279) | Aspirin (n=73) | Clopidogre (n=29) | DOACs (n=12) | Warfarin (n=11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 200 (71.7) | 46 (63) | 17 (58.6) | 8 (66.7) | 5 (45.5) |
| Age, mean ± SD | 80.6 ± 86 | 81.4 ± 7.8 | 78.7 ± 8.3 | 85.4 ± 5.5a | 79 ± 6.0 |
| Race | |||||
| Chinese, n (%) | 222 (79.6) | 56 (76.7) | 21 (72.4) | 10 (83.3) | 8 (72.7) |
| Malay, n (%) | 33 (11.8) | 10 (13.7) | 5 (17.2) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (9.1) |
| Indian, n (%) | 7 (2.5) | 2 (2.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Others, n (%) | 17 (6.1) | 5 (6.9) | 3 (10.3) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (18.2) |
| ASA score | |||||
| 1-2, n (%) | 98 (35) | 5 (7) | 5 (17) | 2 (17) | 0 |
| 3-4, n (%) Premorbid PM score | 181 (65) | 68 (93) | 24 (83) | 10 (83) | 11 (100) |
| Mean ± SD | 5.67 ± 3.08 | 4.5 ± 3.95b | 4.68 ± 3.09 | 3.55 ± 2.91c | 6.6 ± 3.20 |
| Premorbid MBI score, Mean ± SD | 70.9 ± 25.2 | 61.5 ± 28.2d | 72.6 ± 23.9 | 50.9 ± 34.9e | 53.9 ± 29.0f |
| AMT score, Mean ± SD | 6.71 ± 3.30 | 6.33 ± 3.11 | 6.66 ± 3.31 | 4.33 ± 3.85g | 8.10 ± 2.88 |
| Admission Hb, (g/dL) Mean ± SD | 11.8 ± 1.86 | 11.8 ± 1.70 | 11.8 ± 1.72 | 11.7 ± 1.69 | 11.0 ± 1.08 |
| Type of fracture | |||||
| NOF, n (%) | 139 (49.8) | 28 (38.4) | 15 (51.7) | 5 (41.7) | 5 (45.5) |
| IT, n (%) | 132 (47.3) | 44 (60.3) | 14 (48.3) | 6 (50.0) | 6 (54.5) |
| Subtrochanteric, n (%) | 8 (2.9) | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 1 (8.3) | 0 |
| No. of comorbidities | 1.72 ± 1.17 | 2.86 ± 1.08h | 2.74 ± 1.43h | 2.83 ± 1.27h | 3.0 ± 1.26h |
Abbreviations – AMT: Altered Mental Status, ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists, Hb: Haemoglobin, IT: Intertrochanteric, MBI: Modified Barthel Index, NOF: Neck of Femur, PM: Parker’s mobility
Notes:
a: DOAC patients are older than clopidogrel patients by 6.76 years (p = 0.018).
b: Aspirin patients had poorer premorbid Parkers score by 0.11 compared to None group (p= 0.014).
c: DOAC patients had poorer premorbid Parkers score by 2.12 compared to None group (p = 0.026) & poorer premorbid Parkers score by 3.05 compared to warfarin (p=0.024).
d: Aspirin patients had lower premorbid MBI score by 9.39 compared to None (p= 0.007).
e: DOAC patients had lower premorbid MBI score by 20.0 compared to None (p=0.010) & lower MBI score by 21.7 compared to clopidogrel (p=0.016).
f: Warfarin patients had lower premorbid MBI score by 17.0 compared to None (p=0.035) and lower premorbid score by 18.7 compared to clopidogrel (p=0.044).
g: DOAC patients had lower AMT score on admission by 2.38 compared to None (p=0.014), lower by 2.32 compared to clopidogrel (p=0.034) & lower by 3.77 compared to warfarin (p=0.007).
h: All pharmacological groups have significantly higher number of comorbidities compared to None. Aspirin has more comorbidities by 1.14 (p < 0.001), clopidogrel has 1.02 more (p < 0.001), warfarin has 1.28 more (p < 0.001) and DOAC has more comorbidities by 1.11 (p = 0.002) as compared to None.